Emerging Infectious Diseases from the Global to the Local Perspective A Summary of a Workshop of the Forum on Emerging Infections (2001) / Chapter Skim
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Emerging Infections in Africa
Emerging Infections in Africa
Pages 52-61
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From page 52... ...
The challenge will be to integrate surveillance and epidemic preparedness and response activities for these priority diseases, especially when there are weakened ministries of health. Bilateral and multilateral agreements, as well as partnerships with nongovernmental organizations and commercial interests, are among the means being explored to strengthen disease surveillance and response activities, to transfer epidemiological and microbiological skills, and to facilitate timely recognition of these disease outbreaks and their control.
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From page 53... ...
At a time when increasing attention is focused on many of the recently emerging infections (monkeypod virus, Rift Valley fever virus, filiovirus, Vibrio cholerae 0139, and penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae) and reemerging infectious diseases (malaria, tuberculosis, yellow fever, and trypanosomiasis)
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From page 54... ...
Individuals who are part of vertically oriented programs at the national level and above try to communicate with district officials and health facilities at the local level, resulting in too much paperwork, too many different instructions, different terminologies, too many administrators, and conflicting priorities. The time is right to move toward integrated disease surveillance and epidemic preparedness and response in Africa.
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From page 55... ...
disease laboratories and 2 laboratories that are monitoring antimicrobial resistance. Support from CDC for these efforts provides technical, epidemiological, and laboratory expertise in polio eradication and measles elimination programs, as well as in programs that address other vaccine-preventable childhood diseases, expansion of laboratory and technical capacity, development of training materials and other material support, and laboratory training and support.
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From page 56... ...
. Then, in 1996, President Bill Clinton issued a directive expanding the role of many federal agencies in global surveillance for infectious diseases, including DOD.
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From page 57... ...
In addition, DOD supports regional syndromic sentinel surveillance networks. Currently, DODis trying to support WHO's efforts to link military public health laboratories together to conduct surveillance on antibiotic resistance or other types of medical surveillance.
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From page 58... ...
. In 1997, CAREC brought together the national epidemiologists and laboratory directors from its 21 member countries and said that by the year 2000 they wanted to have in place a surveillance system capable of monitoring trends and impacts of emerging infectious diseases and providing timely, relevant, and accurate feedback.
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From page 59... ...
The revision of the International Health Regulations is another important element of the WHO strategy in global surveillance and control of emerging infections. On the response side, WHO supports a rapid epidemic response team and other global response networks such as the International Coordinating Group, which ensures that vaccines and other resources are delivered in an equitable manner during meningococcal meningitis epidemics, and the WHO Cholera Task Force, which focuses on cholera and other epidemic diarrhea!
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From page 60... ...
Meningococcal meningitis, acute hemorrhagic fever syndromes, acute neurological syndromes, acute respiratory syndromes, yellow fever, and plague are also frequently reported. About 60 percent of all the reports processed by the WHO outbreak verification group come from the so-called emergency countries, that is, countries experiencing civil strife, civil war, and economic collapse.
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From page 61... ...
Specific guidelines on how to handle certain types of outbreaks have also been developed, including videos, particularly targeting epidemic diseases specific to Africa, such as Ebola hemorrhagic fever.
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