Skip to main content

(NAS Colloquium) Virulence and Defense in Host--Pathogen Interactions Common Features Between Plants and Animals (2001) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:

Genetic Complexity of Pathogen Perception by Plants: The Example of Rcr3, a Tomato Gene Required Specifically by Cf-2
Pages 56-63

The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.


From page 56...
... We propose that Avr products interact with host proteins to promote disease, and that R proteins "guard" these host components and initiate Avr-dependent plant defense responses. Many plant pathogens are highly adapted biotrophic parasites that require living hosts to complete their life cycle.
Read the entire page →
From page 57...
... Interestingly, TLR-mediated inflammatory responses resemble plant defense responses, including production of antimicrobial active oxygen species and nitric oxide and ultimately cell death (21, 22~. The significance of these homologies for plant R protein mechanisms has yet to be established, but it is tempting to suggest that, whereas vertebrates use the TLRs to recognize conserved structures of different pathogen classes, plants have evolved these to detect strain-specific pathogen Avr products.
Read the entire page →
From page 58...
... Sequence comparisons of NB-LRR multigene families such as RPP1, RPPS, and Dm3 have also shown high ratios of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitutions in sequences encoding the corresponding amino acids of their LRRs. These sequences within the LRRs have clearly undergone diversifying selection, whereas sequences encoding putative signaling domains have undergone purifying selection (23, 41, 47~.
Read the entire page →
From page 59...
... Results and Discussion Mutational Analysis Identifies Rcr3, a Gene Required for Cf-2 Function. Mutational analysis is a powerful tool to dissect signaling pathways and has been used to identify genes required for R gene function.
Read the entire page →
From page 60...
... DNA gel blot analysis confirmed that none of the susceptible progeny contained Cf-9 (data not shown)
Read the entire page →
From page 61...
... , to deliver YopJ into host cells to suppress host defense mechanisms (85~. R proteins may have evolved to specifically recognize the physical association of pathogen-encoded virulence factors with their plant cellular targets to subsequently activate defense mechanisms, i.e., R proteins may "guard" host proteins and initiate an Avr-dependent defense response (86, 87~.
Read the entire page →
From page 62...
... Such a model would explain the dual recognition capacity of some NB-LRR proteins such as RPM1 and Mi-1 if they "guard" the same host component targeted by unrelated Avr products. Evolutionary mechanisms sustaining R gene diversity are essential for the plant 1.
Read the entire page →
From page 63...
... 87. Van der Biezen, E
Read the entire page →

Key Terms

  • sequence exchange
  • gene loci
  • van der
  • defense response
  • der biezen

  • plant defense
  • mutational analysis
  • plant cell
  • gel blot
  • tir domain

  • defense mechanisms
  • amino acids
  • protein kinase
  • blot analysis
  • dna gel

  • gus infection
  • pathogen avr
  • genetic complexity
  • protein function
  • pathogen perception

  • host proteins
  • cell death
  • mhc locus
  • avr products
  • transmembrane domain

  • sequences encoding
  • unequal crossing
  • gene required
  • signaling pathway
  • confer resistance


    • This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
    More information on Chapter Skim is available.