Disposition of High-Level Waste and Spent Nuclear Fuel The Continuing Societal and Technical Challenges (2001) / Chapter Skim
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8. Improving Decision Making and Implementation
8. Improving Decision Making and Implementation
Pages 127-142
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From page 127... ...
and other national programs (see Chapter 4~. Some national programs envision a period of at least a century before accomplishing geological disposition of high-level radioactive waste (HLW)
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From page 128... ...
Similar processes may be needed in the nuclear waste context of linked dread, distrust, and concerns about inequities (see Chapter 5~. Progress will not come overnight, and continued controversy, criticism, and dissent should be expected.
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From page 129... ...
· The remodeling of implementing agencies to increase trust. For instance, in 1991 France recreated ANDRA (National Radioactive Waste Management Agency)
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From page 130... ...
130 DISPOSITION OF HIGH-LEVEL WASTE AND SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL The substantial social and institutional experimentation in progress in many countries is likely to encourage more new initiatives. Advice given to decision makers in a previous National Research Council report remains relevant to these new initiatives (see Sidebar 8.1~.
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From page 131... ...
Once a clear need for the facility can be demonstrated, then substantial efforts are needed in advance of the site selection process to establish widespread public understanding on three questions: (1) Is the status quo acceptable?
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From page 132... ...
Specific mechanisms that may be helpful in such an approach include the following: community participation in all phases of the siting process, support for independent consultants, community review of facility design and safety systems, monitoring of facility performance, property value protection, and · right to initiate appeals for facility shutdown if health and safety standards are violated. Such actions to empower local communities in both siting and facility development may be keys to greater siting success.
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From page 133... ...
, ONDRAF/NIRAS (Belgian National Agency for the Management of Radioactive Waste and Fissile Materials) , and SKB (Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company)
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From page 135... ...
First, municipal participation in discussions and investigations was to be paid for by the Nuclear Waste Fund; second, the primary concerned parties (SKB and the licensing authorities SKI [Swedish Nuclear Power Inspectorate] and SSI [National Institute of Radiation Protection]
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From page 136... ...
Christian Bataille was named mediator and charged with identifying potential candidate local communities that would look favorably upon the prospect of hosting a siting study for an underground research laboratory, and with conducting discussions with local officials at various levels (commune, department, region) where siting could be considered feasible.
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From page 137... ...
Accordingly, the French Geological Survey and ANDRA carried out a survey of potential granitic sites in France, starting from existing literature and data without any local field work. From an initial list of about 200 potential sites, using various geologic criteria, the list was shortened to 15 new sites, distributed mostly over two areas, Brittany and Central France.
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From page 138... ...
Comparative evaluation of a number of such efforts involving both LLW and hazardous waste indicated that it is "very difficult for large bureaucracies to surmount internal constraints and technically oriented norms and goals to meet requirements (of voluntary siting programs) for responsiveness and adequate implementation" (Peelle, 1994, p.
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From page 139... ...
, in its report Understanding Risk (NRC, 1996a) argues that an essential aspect of risk characterization, along with appropriate incorporation of science, is broad participation by the interested and affected parties.
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23-24) LEARNING WHILE DOING AND KEEPING OPTIONS OPEN Radioactive waste management, as originally conceived in many countries, was construed as a technical and logistical task financing, scheduling, and engineering a technical disposition system or searching for and selecting a technically qualified repository site.
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From page 141... ...
Schedule-driven deadlines, as the Rethinking High-Level Radioactive Waste Disposal (NRC, 1990) report argues (see Sidebar 8.3)
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From page 142... ...
A single, overly centralized locus for dynamic modeling is particularly important to avoid; redundancy is especially desirable for understanding and communicating the changing information on risks and uncertainties. Multiple learning centers well-funded research units under independent organizations, including the host area for the repository, that engage in basic research, data collection, and monitoring can contribute to a more flexible waste management organization with a greater capacity to overcome mistakes while building confidence among interested and affected parties.
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