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From page 295... ... , 119-120, 191 295 Australia, 38, 48, 55, 147, 148 health status and care, 210, 228 labor force participation, 69-77 (passim) pensions, 78, 79, 80, 81, 87, 147, 148 Austria, 48, 210 Azerbaijan, 38 B Basic Survey of Japanese Living Conditions, 125 Belgium, 32, 48, 50, 94 health care, 210 labor force participation, 69-76 (passim) Read the entire page →
From page 296... ... well-being, 257 Contraception, 16 Controlled studies, 20, 280 wealth, 129-131 Cost factors, 19-20, 155 childrearing and education 177 consumption surveys, 105 cross-sectional studies, 20 health care, 2, 17, 155, 158-159, 166, 168169, 181, 200, 201, 203, 208, 210, 217, 220 longitudinal studies, 4. 19-20 panel studies, 19-20 public pension systems, 19, 155 retirement, 95, 103, 160 sampling, research, 20 Cross-sectional studies, 4, 278, 282 cost of, 20 health and socioeconomic status, 111 intergenerational transfers, 179 wealth, 111, 142 Cultural factors, 18, 21, 250-251, 287 elderly, definition of, 30 health status and care, 204, 211, 217, 220 human capital investment, 159 intergenerational transfers, 12-13, 157, 159, 174 kin networks, 174 retirement age, 97 well-being, 262 Czech Republic, 48 .,166,170, Databases D Asset and Health Dynamics Among the Oldest Old Survey (AHEAD) Read the entire page →
From page 297... ... health, general, 225-226, 230, 252 intergenerational transfers, 171-172 morbidity, 226-229 signs, 225-226 symptoms, 225 syndromes, 226 wealth, 117, 118-119, 149-150 well-being, 13, 258-259, 262 Denmark, 48 health care, 210 labor force participation, 70-76 (passim) wealth, 137 Depression, 21, 206, 225, 243, 244 Developing countries see also Latin America/Caribbean; North Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; specific countries defined, 24 fertility, 45, 47 intergenerational transfers, 164, 165, 190, 193 labor force participation, 40, 69, 74 life expectancy, 48, 49, 53-55 median age, 39, 40 old-age mortality, 53-55 oldest old, 35 297 pension programs, 9, 87 population by age and sex, chart, 46 population projections, 33-34, 35 Diet, see Nutrition Disabled persons, 2, 9, 16, 17, 23, 27-28, 206, 209, 212, 220, 230-231, 235237, 256, 258, 276, 279 see also Functional health status; Institutional care cognitive impairments, 12, 23, 91, 93, 178, 208, 213, 230, 231-232, 233, 259, 260, 271, 273, 277 consumption by, 107-108 elderly support ratios, 42 employment and, 9, 24-25 life expectancy and, 55 oldest old, 37 retirement, 9, 67, 69, 77, 86, 91, 94-95, 97, 203 social factors, general, 230-231, 232 Diseases and disorders, 206, 221, 240-241, 250, 279 see also Disabled persons; Health status and health care; Medical care; Mental health and illness; Morbidity; Mortality AIDS, 15, 49-50, 58 arthritis, 206 cancer, 55-56 cardiovascular disease, 55-57, 206, 228, 250 chronic diseases, 1, 56, 206, 237 cognitive impairments, 12, 23, 91, 93, 178, 208, 213, 230, 231-232, 233, 259, 260, 271, 273, 277 demographic transition, 4142, 44, 47 old-age mortality, 54-57 oldest old, 37 research standards, 5, 219-220 E Economic factors, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 30, 161 see Consumers and consumption; Cost factors; Developing countries; Employment issues; Funding; Income; Intergenerational relations and transfers; Pensions; Savings; Socioeconomic status; Taxation; Wealth capital gains, 110, 118(n.3) Read the entire page →
From page 298... ... , 18, 254256, 257, 258, 273 health status and care, 200, 202-203, 204, 208, 209, 220 cost factors, 2, 17, 155, 158-159, 166, 168-169, 181, 200, 201, 203, 208, 210, 217, 220 life expectancy, 18, 47, 51 macroeconomic factors, 6, 11, 23, 27, 30, 68, 96, 157, 280 well-being, 253, 254-256, 257, 258, 273 Educational attainment, 16, 149, 250 health status and care, 203, 205, 222 intergenerational transfers, 165, 192 Education, professional, see Professional education Education, public, see Public education Egypt, 55 Elderly support ratios, 40, 42, 43 Emigration, see Immigration and emigration Emotional factors, see Mental health and illness Employment issues, 2, 3, 4, 8-9, 23, 27, 6698, 250 see also Pensions; Retirement Africa, 40 age when still employed, rates of, 69 aging index, 40 disabilities, 9, 24-25 elderly support ratios, 42 emigration of workers, 44 health status and care, general, 24-25, 201-202, 204, 205, 222-223, 224 immigration, 15 labor force participation, 3, 6, 8, 9, 19, 23, 40, 42, 66, 67, 68-77, 83, 95-96, 202; see also Retirement gender factors, 69, 71-77, 78, 88 older persons, working, 67 part-time and temporary, 14 self-employment, 77, 121, 125, 126 transfer systems, 11 unemployment and health status, 205, 224 unemployment insurance, 9, 86, 94-95, 97 INDEX well-being, 13-14, 264-265, 273 worker-to-retiree ratios, 1, 16, 103 Estates, see Bequests Ethical issues, 202, 213-214 see also Privacy and confidentiality Ethnicity, see Race/ethnicity Europe see also specific countries aging index, 40 cardiovascular disease, 228 data standards, 8 fertility, 15, 4445 health status and care, 217, 228 income security, 103-104 intergenerational transfers, 155, 191 labor force participation, 70 life expectancy, 48, 49 multidisciplinary approaches, 3 oldest old, 36, 59 pensions, 86, 103-104, 146 population projections, 31-33, 34, 36, 40 researcher access to data, 282 speed of population aging, 38, 39 wealth, 103-104, 121-125, 126-131, 134135, 146, 149-150 well-being, 254 EVS, see German Income and Expenditure Survey F Family factors, 1-2, 3, 4, 13, 17, 26, 27, 155193 (passim) see also Fertility; Intergenerational relations and transfers; Marital status; Wealth bequests, 103, 106-107, 108, 115, 155, 156, 158, 166 tax on, 131, 156-157, 158, 160 bereavement, 14, 264, 271, 272 care of elderly by, 157, 158-159, 166, 171, 172-174, 178, 180-181, 192193, 203, 220 coresidence, 19, 166, 174, 177, 180, 183, 184 emotional support, 156, 171, 176, 179, 181 time transfers, 2, 16, 24, 158, 166, 172, 175, 178-179 consumption and, 106-107, 108, 161-162, 163, 166, 169-170, 189 Read the entire page →
From page 299... ... demographic transition, 4142, 44, 47 developing countries, general, 45, 47 extended family, 156 historical perspectives, 15-16, 30, 39, 4445 intergenerational transfers, 156, 162-163, 165, 183, 184, 189-190 migration and, 44-45 oldest old and, 36 research standards, 5, 279 Financial Research Survey, 113, 124-125, 127 Finland, 210 Flow of Funds (FOF) , 13, 26, 28, 116, 118, 123, 125, 126, 129, 156 health care, 168-169 France, 38, 39, 43, 48, 55, 94 health care, 210 labor force participation, 70-76 (passim) Read the entire page →
From page 300... ... 300 INDEX committee methodology, 3 community supports, 204, 207-208, 211, 213, 217 contraception, 16 cost of health care, 2, 17, 155, 158-159, 166, 168-169, 181, 200, 201, 203, 208, 210, 217, 220 cultural factors, 204, 211, 217, 220 defined, 225-226, 230, 252 educational attainment and, 203, 205, 222 education of public, 207 elderly, definition of, 30 employment and, general, 24-25, 201202, 204, 205, 222-223, 224 family factors, 203, 220, 221; see also "care of..." under Family factors funding, 208, 211; see also Medicaid; Medicare gender factors, 220, 223, 228 home care, 158, 175, 181, 211, 213, 220, 232 income security, 102 institutional care, 42, 121, 181, 209, 210, 218-219 intergenerational transfers, 13, 17, 155, 158-159, 166, 168-169 longitudinal research, general, 4, 206207, 214, 220-221, 224 nutrition, 47, 202, 203, 205, 207, 224, 250, 271 oldest old, 37 pain and pain management, 225, 253, 265, 266, 267, 269, 273 preventive care, 12, 201, 202, 203, 207208, 209, 210, 213, 220, 227, 228, 230, 231, 238, 240, 244 professional training, 201, 202 public health services, 1, 47, 202, 205, 207, 208, 209, 211, 250 retirement, 9, 67, 69, 77, 86, 91, 93, 9495,98,203 self-care, 209, 211, 212, 213, 220, 231, 232, 233, 237 self-rated health status, 129, 206, 207, 225, 229-230, 232, 253, 260, 261262, 263, 265, 266, 273 social factors, general, 200, 201, 203, 204, 206, 212, 220, 221, 224 socioeconomic status, 26, 110-111, 203, 208, 220, 221-225 standards, 207, 213, 215-216 technology, 201, 202, 208 wealth and income security, 10, 110-111, 128, 129, 203 Heart disease, see Cardiovascular disease Historical perspectives, ix, 1, 15-16, 18, 30 capital gains and savings, 110 employer-provided pensions, 102 employment, 66 fertility, 15-16, 30, 39, 44-45 life expectancy, 47, 48, 49, 52, 53, 55, 56, 205-206, 250 living standards, 102 OECD labor force, 8 oldest old, 59 pensions/retirement income, 66, 102 savings, 102, 110, 116 speed of population aging, 38-39 wealth, 114-116, 123 Home health care, 158, 175, 181, 211, 213, 218, 220, 232 self-care, 209, 211, 212, 213, 220, 231, 232, 233, 237 Housing, 155, 158, 202, 203, 205, 256-257 coresidence of elderly and children, 19, 166, 174, 177, 180, 183, 184 institutional care, 42, 121, 181, 209, 210, 218-219 living arrangements of elderly persons, 180, 188, 212, 253 wealth, home ownership as, 111-112, 121, 128, 131, 132, 140-141, 142, 158, 175 HRS, see Health and Retirement Survey Hungary, 38, 48 Immigration and emigration, 15, 44-45 Income, 16, 23, 91, 98, 102-151 (passim) see also Pensions; Socioeconomic status consumption and, 105 health status, 222 intergenerational transfers, 166, 178 multidisciplinary approaches, 3 replacement income, 19, 78, 80, 81, 85, 104, 142, 146, 148 well-being, 253, 254-256, 258, 260-261, 264 Income Panel Survey (IPS) Read the entire page →
From page 301... ... Interuniversity Consortium for Political and Social Research, 214 Ireland, 210 Italy, 48, 55, 184 health care, 210 labor force participation, 69, 85 pensions, 78-82 (passim) , 84, 85, 87, 146 population projections, 31-32 wealth, 113, 123-133, 136, 137, 138, 139, 141, 144, 146 aging index, 40 elderly support ratios, 42, 43 employment rates by age and pension age, 69 fertility, 4445 health care, 210 intergenerational transfers, 155 labor force participation, 69-76 (passim) Read the entire page →
From page 302... ... , 113-117 (passim) Lung cancer, 55 Luxembourg, 210 M Macroeconomic factors, 6, 11, 23, 27, 30, 68, 96, 157, 280 Macromodels, 16-17 health system, 209 intergenerational transfers, 11, 27, 157, 158, 181, 182, 183, 189-190 Malaysia, 190 Males, see Gender factors Marital status, 77, 82, 88, 91, 223 age at marriage, 159 intergenerational transfers, 176, 181, 183-184 well-being, 268 Median age, 3940 mortality, 56 Medicaid, 15, 155 Medical care, 204-205, 206, 250 alternative, 13, 209, 220 cost of, 2, 17, 155, 158-159, 166, 168-169, 181, 200, 201, 203, 208, 210, 217, 220 funding, 208, 211; see also Medicaid; Medicare home health care, 158, 175, 181, 211, 213, 218, 220, 232 Institutional care, 42, 121, 181, 209, 210, 218-219 life expectancy and, 2, 18, 47, 59-60 oldest old, 37 professional education, 201, 202 self-care, 209, 211, 212, 213, 220, 231, 232, 233, 237 socioeconomic status, 26, 110-111 technology, 201, 202, 208 utilization intensity, 207, 209, 211-212, 220, 221 Read the entire page →
From page 303... ... , 94, 109 employment rates by age and pension age, 69 health care, 210 public pensions, 78, 80, 82, 84, 85, 86, 89, 146, 147, 148 unemployment/disability insurance, 94 wealth, 113, 121-122, 119, 121-122, 127, 128, 129-130, 135, 136-143 (passim) , 146, 147, 151 New Zealand health status and care, 210, 228 labor force participation, 69-78 (passim) Read the entire page →
From page 304... ... , 78-86, 92, 93-94, 95, 96, 97, 103, 109, 119, 142, 147, 149-150, 156, 157, 171, 278 costs, 19, 155 taxation and, 6, 68, 84, 85, 93, 97, 148 replacement income, 19, 78, 80, 81, 85, 104, 142, 146, 148 research methodology, 66, 67, 93-96 Peru, 55 Philippines, 74 Poland, 38 Policy evaluation studies, 20-21, 279-281, 282 elderly support ratios, 42 intergenerational transfers, 158-159 oldest old, 37 retirement, 68 speed of population aging, 39 Political factors health care, 200, 201, 208, 213-214 income security and health insurance, 103 life expectancy, 47 Population dynamics, ix, 1, 15, 22, 23, 3157, 202, 276 see also Fertility; Mortality intergenerational transfers and, 161-162, 165 oldest old, 35-37 Portugal, 210 Preventive health care, 12, 201, 202, 203, 207-208, 209, 210, 213, 220, 227, 228, 230, 231, 238, 240, 244 Privacy and confidentiality, 8, 23, 25, 192, 217 public in-home services, 158 Professional education, medical, 201, 202 PSID, see Panel Study of Income Dynamics Psychological factors, see Mental health and illness; Well-being Psychometrics, 117, 119-120 Public education cost of childrearing, 166, 170, 177 health, 207 Public health services, 1, 47, 202, 205, 207, 208, 209, 211, 250 Q Quality of life, see Well-being Read the entire page →
From page 305... ... costs, 95, 103, 160 disability, 9, 67, 69, 77, 86, 91, 94-95, 97, 203 family factors, 77, 93, 159 gender factors, 91, 92 health status, general, 9, 67, 69, 77, 86, 91, 93, 94-95, 98, 203 historical perspectives, 66, 102 incentives, 67, 68, 77, 83-86, 91, 93, 95 research methodology, 4, 66-67, 68, 77, 91-98 savings and, 95, 103, 142 social factors, general, 66, 91, 93, 97 wealth, 66, 91, 93, 97, 112 well-being, 13-14, 250, 271, 272, 273 worker-to-retiree ratios, 1, 16, 103 Russia, 55 S Sampling, 4 cost factors, 20 kin networks, 174 wealth, 117, 127, 128 Savings, 2, 10, 23, 26, 27, 116, 118, 121, 125, 129, 131-132, 140, 142, 146-147 aggregate rates, 104-106, 130 capital gains and, 110 caregivers, 158-159 consumption surveys, 105 health services and, 201 historical perspectives, 102, 110, 116 human capital investment and, 159 intergenerational transfers, 11, 103, 106107, 156, 158-160, 169, 171, 189, 190 retirement, 95, 103, 142 social security systems, 119, 169, 170 tax-preferred, 111 well-being, 257 SCF, see Survey of Consumer Finances Self-care, 209, 211, 212, 213, 220, 231, 232, 233, 237 see also Home care Read the entire page →
From page 306... ... , 85 pensions, 84, 85, 86, 146, 147, 148, 149 wealth, 135, 136, 137, 146, 147 Switzerland, pensions, 87 T Taiwan, 43, 54, 56, 57, 175-176, 190, 191 Taxation, 155 elderly support ratios, 42 family care of elderly, 19 health care costs, 168 Read the entire page →
From page 307... ... , 13, 26, 28, 116, 118, 123, 125, 126, 129, 156 health care, 168-169 Gross National Product (GNP) , 18, 254256, 257, 258, 273 health status and, 10, 110-111, 128,129, 203 historical perspectives, 114-116, 123 home ownership, 111-112, 121, 128, 131, 132, 140-141, 142, 158, 175 inequalities, 103, 118, 132, 137-139, 147148, 221 micromodels, 113-131, 150-151 multidisciplinary approaches, 3 panel studies, 113-120, 121-122, 127-131, 151 psychometrics, 117, 119-120 research, 5, 112-131, 135, 149-151 standards, 5, 116-117, 135 Read the entire page →
From page 308... ... 308 retirement and, 66, 91, 93, 97, 112 sampling methodologies, 117, 127, 128 social security systems, 119, 147, 148, 149, 150 stock market, 10, 13, 24, 112, 115, 118, 121, 124, 129, 131, 139, 156 capital gains, 110, 118(n.3) , 123 taxation, 131 unfolding brackets, 116, 117, 120, 127, 128 Welfare, 66, 77, 86, 149 see also Medicaid Well-being, 13-14, 25, 28, 201, 250-273 see also Health status and care; Mental health and illness; Privacy and confidentiality activities of daily living, 21, 272 bereavement, 14, 264, 271, 272 committee methodology, 3 community supports, 253, 256-257, 258, 272 consumption and, 257 cultural factors, 262 defined, 13, 258-259, 262 economic factors, 251, 253, 254-256, 257, 258, 273 employment and, 13-14, 264-265, 273 family factors, 156, 158, 258, 264, 268 gender factors, 26 income and, 253, 254-256, 258, 260-261, 264 living arrangements, 180, 188, 212, 253 living standards, 10, 102, 262 marital status, 268 INDEX pain and pain management, 225, 253, 265, 266, 267, 269, 273 public programs vs family efforts, 157, 158 resilience, 263-264, 271-272 retirement, 13-14, 250, 271, 272, 273 savings, 257 self-esteem, 223, 260, 262, 263, 269 self-rated well-being, including health status, 129, 206, 207, 225, 229-230, 232, 253, 255, 257, 259-262, 263, 265, 266, 270-271, 272-273 social factors, general, 251, 252, 253, 260, 267-268, 276 socioeconomic status, 251, 253, 254-256, 257, 258, 273 standards, 273; see also "living standards" supra time-use data, 269-270 transportation, 13, 93, 202, 207, 224 Women, see Gender factors Work, see Employment issues; Labor force participation World Assembly on Aging, ix World Bank, 148 World Health Organization, 21, 54, 224, 227-228, 230, 240, 252 World Population Prospects, 31(n.2) Read the entire page →

From page 295...

... , 119-120, 191 295 Australia, 38, 48, 55, 147, 148 health status and care, 210, 228 labor force participation, 69-77 (passim) pensions, 78, 79, 80, 81, 87, 147, 148 Austria, 48, 210 Azerbaijan, 38 B Basic Survey of Japanese Living Conditions, 125 Belgium, 32, 48, 50, 94 health care, 210 labor force participation, 69-76 (passim)

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From page 296...

... well-being, 257 Contraception, 16 Controlled studies, 20, 280 wealth, 129-131 Cost factors, 19-20, 155 childrearing and education 177 consumption surveys, 105 cross-sectional studies, 20 health care, 2, 17, 155, 158-159, 166, 168169, 181, 200, 201, 203, 208, 210, 217, 220 longitudinal studies, 4. 19-20 panel studies, 19-20 public pension systems, 19, 155 retirement, 95, 103, 160 sampling, research, 20 Cross-sectional studies, 4, 278, 282 cost of, 20 health and socioeconomic status, 111 intergenerational transfers, 179 wealth, 111, 142 Cultural factors, 18, 21, 250-251, 287 elderly, definition of, 30 health status and care, 204, 211, 217, 220 human capital investment, 159 intergenerational transfers, 12-13, 157, 159, 174 kin networks, 174 retirement age, 97 well-being, 262 Czech Republic, 48 .,166,170, Databases D Asset and Health Dynamics Among the Oldest Old Survey (AHEAD)

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From page 297...

... health, general, 225-226, 230, 252 intergenerational transfers, 171-172 morbidity, 226-229 signs, 225-226 symptoms, 225 syndromes, 226 wealth, 117, 118-119, 149-150 well-being, 13, 258-259, 262 Denmark, 48 health care, 210 labor force participation, 70-76 (passim) wealth, 137 Depression, 21, 206, 225, 243, 244 Developing countries see also Latin America/Caribbean; North Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; specific countries defined, 24 fertility, 45, 47 intergenerational transfers, 164, 165, 190, 193 labor force participation, 40, 69, 74 life expectancy, 48, 49, 53-55 median age, 39, 40 old-age mortality, 53-55 oldest old, 35 297 pension programs, 9, 87 population by age and sex, chart, 46 population projections, 33-34, 35 Diet, see Nutrition Disabled persons, 2, 9, 16, 17, 23, 27-28, 206, 209, 212, 220, 230-231, 235237, 256, 258, 276, 279 see also Functional health status; Institutional care cognitive impairments, 12, 23, 91, 93, 178, 208, 213, 230, 231-232, 233, 259, 260, 271, 273, 277 consumption by, 107-108 elderly support ratios, 42 employment and, 9, 24-25 life expectancy and, 55 oldest old, 37 retirement, 9, 67, 69, 77, 86, 91, 94-95, 97, 203 social factors, general, 230-231, 232 Diseases and disorders, 206, 221, 240-241, 250, 279 see also Disabled persons; Health status and health care; Medical care; Mental health and illness; Morbidity; Mortality AIDS, 15, 49-50, 58 arthritis, 206 cancer, 55-56 cardiovascular disease, 55-57, 206, 228, 250 chronic diseases, 1, 56, 206, 237 cognitive impairments, 12, 23, 91, 93, 178, 208, 213, 230, 231-232, 233, 259, 260, 271, 273, 277 demographic transition, 4142, 44, 47 old-age mortality, 54-57 oldest old, 37 research standards, 5, 219-220 E Economic factors, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 30, 161 see Consumers and consumption; Cost factors; Developing countries; Employment issues; Funding; Income; Intergenerational relations and transfers; Pensions; Savings; Socioeconomic status; Taxation; Wealth capital gains, 110, 118(n.3)

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From page 298...

... , 18, 254256, 257, 258, 273 health status and care, 200, 202-203, 204, 208, 209, 220 cost factors, 2, 17, 155, 158-159, 166, 168-169, 181, 200, 201, 203, 208, 210, 217, 220 life expectancy, 18, 47, 51 macroeconomic factors, 6, 11, 23, 27, 30, 68, 96, 157, 280 well-being, 253, 254-256, 257, 258, 273 Educational attainment, 16, 149, 250 health status and care, 203, 205, 222 intergenerational transfers, 165, 192 Education, professional, see Professional education Education, public, see Public education Egypt, 55 Elderly support ratios, 40, 42, 43 Emigration, see Immigration and emigration Emotional factors, see Mental health and illness Employment issues, 2, 3, 4, 8-9, 23, 27, 6698, 250 see also Pensions; Retirement Africa, 40 age when still employed, rates of, 69 aging index, 40 disabilities, 9, 24-25 elderly support ratios, 42 emigration of workers, 44 health status and care, general, 24-25, 201-202, 204, 205, 222-223, 224 immigration, 15 labor force participation, 3, 6, 8, 9, 19, 23, 40, 42, 66, 67, 68-77, 83, 95-96, 202; see also Retirement gender factors, 69, 71-77, 78, 88 older persons, working, 67 part-time and temporary, 14 self-employment, 77, 121, 125, 126 transfer systems, 11 unemployment and health status, 205, 224 unemployment insurance, 9, 86, 94-95, 97 INDEX well-being, 13-14, 264-265, 273 worker-to-retiree ratios, 1, 16, 103 Estates, see Bequests Ethical issues, 202, 213-214 see also Privacy and confidentiality Ethnicity, see Race/ethnicity Europe see also specific countries aging index, 40 cardiovascular disease, 228 data standards, 8 fertility, 15, 4445 health status and care, 217, 228 income security, 103-104 intergenerational transfers, 155, 191 labor force participation, 70 life expectancy, 48, 49 multidisciplinary approaches, 3 oldest old, 36, 59 pensions, 86, 103-104, 146 population projections, 31-33, 34, 36, 40 researcher access to data, 282 speed of population aging, 38, 39 wealth, 103-104, 121-125, 126-131, 134135, 146, 149-150 well-being, 254 EVS, see German Income and Expenditure Survey F Family factors, 1-2, 3, 4, 13, 17, 26, 27, 155193 (passim) see also Fertility; Intergenerational relations and transfers; Marital status; Wealth bequests, 103, 106-107, 108, 115, 155, 156, 158, 166 tax on, 131, 156-157, 158, 160 bereavement, 14, 264, 271, 272 care of elderly by, 157, 158-159, 166, 171, 172-174, 178, 180-181, 192193, 203, 220 coresidence, 19, 166, 174, 177, 180, 183, 184 emotional support, 156, 171, 176, 179, 181 time transfers, 2, 16, 24, 158, 166, 172, 175, 178-179 consumption and, 106-107, 108, 161-162, 163, 166, 169-170, 189

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From page 299...

... demographic transition, 4142, 44, 47 developing countries, general, 45, 47 extended family, 156 historical perspectives, 15-16, 30, 39, 4445 intergenerational transfers, 156, 162-163, 165, 183, 184, 189-190 migration and, 44-45 oldest old and, 36 research standards, 5, 279 Financial Research Survey, 113, 124-125, 127 Finland, 210 Flow of Funds (FOF) , 13, 26, 28, 116, 118, 123, 125, 126, 129, 156 health care, 168-169 France, 38, 39, 43, 48, 55, 94 health care, 210 labor force participation, 70-76 (passim)

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From page 300...

... 300 INDEX committee methodology, 3 community supports, 204, 207-208, 211, 213, 217 contraception, 16 cost of health care, 2, 17, 155, 158-159, 166, 168-169, 181, 200, 201, 203, 208, 210, 217, 220 cultural factors, 204, 211, 217, 220 defined, 225-226, 230, 252 educational attainment and, 203, 205, 222 education of public, 207 elderly, definition of, 30 employment and, general, 24-25, 201202, 204, 205, 222-223, 224 family factors, 203, 220, 221; see also "care of..." under Family factors funding, 208, 211; see also Medicaid; Medicare gender factors, 220, 223, 228 home care, 158, 175, 181, 211, 213, 220, 232 income security, 102 institutional care, 42, 121, 181, 209, 210, 218-219 intergenerational transfers, 13, 17, 155, 158-159, 166, 168-169 longitudinal research, general, 4, 206207, 214, 220-221, 224 nutrition, 47, 202, 203, 205, 207, 224, 250, 271 oldest old, 37 pain and pain management, 225, 253, 265, 266, 267, 269, 273 preventive care, 12, 201, 202, 203, 207208, 209, 210, 213, 220, 227, 228, 230, 231, 238, 240, 244 professional training, 201, 202 public health services, 1, 47, 202, 205, 207, 208, 209, 211, 250 retirement, 9, 67, 69, 77, 86, 91, 93, 9495,98,203 self-care, 209, 211, 212, 213, 220, 231, 232, 233, 237 self-rated health status, 129, 206, 207, 225, 229-230, 232, 253, 260, 261262, 263, 265, 266, 273 social factors, general, 200, 201, 203, 204, 206, 212, 220, 221, 224 socioeconomic status, 26, 110-111, 203, 208, 220, 221-225 standards, 207, 213, 215-216 technology, 201, 202, 208 wealth and income security, 10, 110-111, 128, 129, 203 Heart disease, see Cardiovascular disease Historical perspectives, ix, 1, 15-16, 18, 30 capital gains and savings, 110 employer-provided pensions, 102 employment, 66 fertility, 15-16, 30, 39, 44-45 life expectancy, 47, 48, 49, 52, 53, 55, 56, 205-206, 250 living standards, 102 OECD labor force, 8 oldest old, 59 pensions/retirement income, 66, 102 savings, 102, 110, 116 speed of population aging, 38-39 wealth, 114-116, 123 Home health care, 158, 175, 181, 211, 213, 218, 220, 232 self-care, 209, 211, 212, 213, 220, 231, 232, 233, 237 Housing, 155, 158, 202, 203, 205, 256-257 coresidence of elderly and children, 19, 166, 174, 177, 180, 183, 184 institutional care, 42, 121, 181, 209, 210, 218-219 living arrangements of elderly persons, 180, 188, 212, 253 wealth, home ownership as, 111-112, 121, 128, 131, 132, 140-141, 142, 158, 175 HRS, see Health and Retirement Survey Hungary, 38, 48 Immigration and emigration, 15, 44-45 Income, 16, 23, 91, 98, 102-151 (passim) see also Pensions; Socioeconomic status consumption and, 105 health status, 222 intergenerational transfers, 166, 178 multidisciplinary approaches, 3 replacement income, 19, 78, 80, 81, 85, 104, 142, 146, 148 well-being, 253, 254-256, 258, 260-261, 264 Income Panel Survey (IPS)

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From page 301...

... Interuniversity Consortium for Political and Social Research, 214 Ireland, 210 Italy, 48, 55, 184 health care, 210 labor force participation, 69, 85 pensions, 78-82 (passim) , 84, 85, 87, 146 population projections, 31-32 wealth, 113, 123-133, 136, 137, 138, 139, 141, 144, 146 aging index, 40 elderly support ratios, 42, 43 employment rates by age and pension age, 69 fertility, 4445 health care, 210 intergenerational transfers, 155 labor force participation, 69-76 (passim)

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From page 302...

... , 113-117 (passim) Lung cancer, 55 Luxembourg, 210 M Macroeconomic factors, 6, 11, 23, 27, 30, 68, 96, 157, 280 Macromodels, 16-17 health system, 209 intergenerational transfers, 11, 27, 157, 158, 181, 182, 183, 189-190 Malaysia, 190 Males, see Gender factors Marital status, 77, 82, 88, 91, 223 age at marriage, 159 intergenerational transfers, 176, 181, 183-184 well-being, 268 Median age, 3940 mortality, 56 Medicaid, 15, 155 Medical care, 204-205, 206, 250 alternative, 13, 209, 220 cost of, 2, 17, 155, 158-159, 166, 168-169, 181, 200, 201, 203, 208, 210, 217, 220 funding, 208, 211; see also Medicaid; Medicare home health care, 158, 175, 181, 211, 213, 218, 220, 232 Institutional care, 42, 121, 181, 209, 210, 218-219 life expectancy and, 2, 18, 47, 59-60 oldest old, 37 professional education, 201, 202 self-care, 209, 211, 212, 213, 220, 231, 232, 233, 237 socioeconomic status, 26, 110-111 technology, 201, 202, 208 utilization intensity, 207, 209, 211-212, 220, 221

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From page 303...

... , 94, 109 employment rates by age and pension age, 69 health care, 210 public pensions, 78, 80, 82, 84, 85, 86, 89, 146, 147, 148 unemployment/disability insurance, 94 wealth, 113, 121-122, 119, 121-122, 127, 128, 129-130, 135, 136-143 (passim) , 146, 147, 151 New Zealand health status and care, 210, 228 labor force participation, 69-78 (passim)

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From page 304...

... , 78-86, 92, 93-94, 95, 96, 97, 103, 109, 119, 142, 147, 149-150, 156, 157, 171, 278 costs, 19, 155 taxation and, 6, 68, 84, 85, 93, 97, 148 replacement income, 19, 78, 80, 81, 85, 104, 142, 146, 148 research methodology, 66, 67, 93-96 Peru, 55 Philippines, 74 Poland, 38 Policy evaluation studies, 20-21, 279-281, 282 elderly support ratios, 42 intergenerational transfers, 158-159 oldest old, 37 retirement, 68 speed of population aging, 39 Political factors health care, 200, 201, 208, 213-214 income security and health insurance, 103 life expectancy, 47 Population dynamics, ix, 1, 15, 22, 23, 3157, 202, 276 see also Fertility; Mortality intergenerational transfers and, 161-162, 165 oldest old, 35-37 Portugal, 210 Preventive health care, 12, 201, 202, 203, 207-208, 209, 210, 213, 220, 227, 228, 230, 231, 238, 240, 244 Privacy and confidentiality, 8, 23, 25, 192, 217 public in-home services, 158 Professional education, medical, 201, 202 PSID, see Panel Study of Income Dynamics Psychological factors, see Mental health and illness; Well-being Psychometrics, 117, 119-120 Public education cost of childrearing, 166, 170, 177 health, 207 Public health services, 1, 47, 202, 205, 207, 208, 209, 211, 250 Q Quality of life, see Well-being

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From page 305...

... costs, 95, 103, 160 disability, 9, 67, 69, 77, 86, 91, 94-95, 97, 203 family factors, 77, 93, 159 gender factors, 91, 92 health status, general, 9, 67, 69, 77, 86, 91, 93, 94-95, 98, 203 historical perspectives, 66, 102 incentives, 67, 68, 77, 83-86, 91, 93, 95 research methodology, 4, 66-67, 68, 77, 91-98 savings and, 95, 103, 142 social factors, general, 66, 91, 93, 97 wealth, 66, 91, 93, 97, 112 well-being, 13-14, 250, 271, 272, 273 worker-to-retiree ratios, 1, 16, 103 Russia, 55 S Sampling, 4 cost factors, 20 kin networks, 174 wealth, 117, 127, 128 Savings, 2, 10, 23, 26, 27, 116, 118, 121, 125, 129, 131-132, 140, 142, 146-147 aggregate rates, 104-106, 130 capital gains and, 110 caregivers, 158-159 consumption surveys, 105 health services and, 201 historical perspectives, 102, 110, 116 human capital investment and, 159 intergenerational transfers, 11, 103, 106107, 156, 158-160, 169, 171, 189, 190 retirement, 95, 103, 142 social security systems, 119, 169, 170 tax-preferred, 111 well-being, 257 SCF, see Survey of Consumer Finances Self-care, 209, 211, 212, 213, 220, 231, 232, 233, 237 see also Home care

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... , 85 pensions, 84, 85, 86, 146, 147, 148, 149 wealth, 135, 136, 137, 146, 147 Switzerland, pensions, 87 T Taiwan, 43, 54, 56, 57, 175-176, 190, 191 Taxation, 155 elderly support ratios, 42 family care of elderly, 19 health care costs, 168

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From page 307...

... , 13, 26, 28, 116, 118, 123, 125, 126, 129, 156 health care, 168-169 Gross National Product (GNP) , 18, 254256, 257, 258, 273 health status and, 10, 110-111, 128,129, 203 historical perspectives, 114-116, 123 home ownership, 111-112, 121, 128, 131, 132, 140-141, 142, 158, 175 inequalities, 103, 118, 132, 137-139, 147148, 221 micromodels, 113-131, 150-151 multidisciplinary approaches, 3 panel studies, 113-120, 121-122, 127-131, 151 psychometrics, 117, 119-120 research, 5, 112-131, 135, 149-151 standards, 5, 116-117, 135

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From page 308...

... 308 retirement and, 66, 91, 93, 97, 112 sampling methodologies, 117, 127, 128 social security systems, 119, 147, 148, 149, 150 stock market, 10, 13, 24, 112, 115, 118, 121, 124, 129, 131, 139, 156 capital gains, 110, 118(n.3) , 123 taxation, 131 unfolding brackets, 116, 117, 120, 127, 128 Welfare, 66, 77, 86, 149 see also Medicaid Well-being, 13-14, 25, 28, 201, 250-273 see also Health status and care; Mental health and illness; Privacy and confidentiality activities of daily living, 21, 272 bereavement, 14, 264, 271, 272 committee methodology, 3 community supports, 253, 256-257, 258, 272 consumption and, 257 cultural factors, 262 defined, 13, 258-259, 262 economic factors, 251, 253, 254-256, 257, 258, 273 employment and, 13-14, 264-265, 273 family factors, 156, 158, 258, 264, 268 gender factors, 26 income and, 253, 254-256, 258, 260-261, 264 living arrangements, 180, 188, 212, 253 living standards, 10, 102, 262 marital status, 268 INDEX pain and pain management, 225, 253, 265, 266, 267, 269, 273 public programs vs family efforts, 157, 158 resilience, 263-264, 271-272 retirement, 13-14, 250, 271, 272, 273 savings, 257 self-esteem, 223, 260, 262, 263, 269 self-rated well-being, including health status, 129, 206, 207, 225, 229-230, 232, 253, 255, 257, 259-262, 263, 265, 266, 270-271, 272-273 social factors, general, 251, 252, 253, 260, 267-268, 276 socioeconomic status, 251, 253, 254-256, 257, 258, 273 standards, 273; see also "living standards" supra time-use data, 269-270 transportation, 13, 93, 202, 207, 224 Women, see Gender factors Work, see Employment issues; Labor force participation World Assembly on Aging, ix World Bank, 148 World Health Organization, 21, 54, 224, 227-228, 230, 240, 252 World Population Prospects, 31(n.2)

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Index Pages 295-308

Index
Pages 295-308