Envisioning the Agenda for Water Resources Research in the Twenty-First Century (2001) / Chapter Skim
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Executive Summary
Executive Summary
Pages 1-4
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This challenge watt be increased by factors such as unpredictable economic growth in a giobalizing economy, the introduction of new technologies whose potential side effects are unmown, increasing recognition of the need to preserve and enhance aquatic ecosystems, and the uncertainty related to climate variability and subsequent hydrologic predictions. The capability of the nation to successfully meet these interrelated challenges while sustainably managing its water resources will depend, in large part, on employing new knowledge gained through research.
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Investigations of surface water arid groundwater availability should focus on the development of supply-enhancing technologies, on understanding the coupled hydrologic and biogeochemical cycles that control water quality, and on developing means of preventing further declines in water quality. Data from networks of continuous ground-based and remote sensing instrumentation are critical for understanding responses to variable climates at different temporal and spatial scales.
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY · Control nonpoint source pollution · Understand impact of land-use changes and best management practices on pollutant loading to waters 3 · Understand impact of contaminants on ecosystem services, biotic indices, and higher organisms · Understand assimilation capacity of the environment and time course of recovery following contamination · Improve integrity of drinking water distribution systems ~ Improve scientific bases for risk assessment and risk management with regard to water quality · Understand national hydrologic measurement needs and develop a program that will provide these measurements · Develop new techniques for measuring water flows and water quality, including remote sensing and in situ techniques ~ Develop data collection and distribution in near real time for improved forecasting and water resources operations ~ Improve forecasting the hydrologic cycle over a range of time scales and on a regional basis · Understand and predict the frequency and cause of severe weather (floods and droughts) · Understand recent increases in damage from floods and droughts · Understand global change and its hydrologic impacts Water Use · Understand determinants of water use in He agncultural, domestic, commercial, public, and industrial sectors · Understand relationship of agncultural water use to climate, crop type, and water application rates ~ Develop improved crops for more efficient water use and optimize the economic return for the water used Develop improved crop varieties for use in dryland agriculture ~ Understand water-related aspects of the sustainability of irrigated agriculture ~ Understand behavior of aquatic ecosystems in a broad, systematic context, including their water requirements Enhance and restore species diversity in aquatic ecosystems ~ Improve manipulation of water-quaTity parameters to maintain and enhance aquatic habitats
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4 ENVISIONING THE AGENDA FOR WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH · Understand interrelationship between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems to support watershed management Water I restitutions · Develop legal regimes that promote groundwater management and conjunctive use of surface water and groundwater ~ Understand issues related to the governance of water where it has common pool and public good attributes · Understand uncertainties attending to Native American water rights and other federal reserved rights · Improve equity in existing water management laws · Conduct comparative studies of water laws and institutions Develop adaptive management - 7 ~ Develop new methods for estimating the value of nonmarketed attributes of water resources ~ Understand use of economic institutions to protect common- pool and pure public good values related to water resources ~ Develop efficient markets and marketlike arrangements for water · Understand role of prices, pricing structures, and the price elasticity of water demand · Understand role of He private sector in achieving efficient provision of water and wastewater services ~ Understand key factors that affect water-related risk communication and decision processes ~ Understand user-organized institutions for water distribution, such as cooperatives, special distncts, and mutual companies ~ Develop different processes for obtaining stakeholder input in forming water policies and plans · Understand cultural and ethical factors associated with water use · Conduct ex post research to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of past water policies and projects
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