Envisioning the Agenda for Water Resources Research in the Twenty-First Century (2001) / Chapter Skim
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3. Water Use
3. Water Use
Pages 24-32
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From page 24... ...
More effective water resources planning and management in the t~venty-first century wall require a clear understanding of the variables that determine water use. The ability to manage scarcity by economizing and "regulating" demand constitutes one important option available to the water manager.
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From page 25... ...
Given that many medium-sized and smaller communities cannot afford to conduct their own studies of detem~nants, an updated comprehensive study would be of great value. It is well understood that the level of industrial demand for additional water is extremely sensitive to pollution control laws and regulations (NRC, 1994~.
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From page 26... ...
If possible, models should be designed to account for demand management that may become necessary during short-term recurrent drought and projected Tong-term supply problems. Conservation-induced reductions in individual and systemwide water demand can be used to alleviate temporary water shortages, avoid increased water supply infrastructure and consumer costs, and extend the ability of existing supplies to meet current and growing demands.
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From page 27... ...
There has been no significant increase in the availability of developed supplies of groundwater or surface water since the mid-1970s (Solley et al., 19981. Despite this and despite the decrease in withdrawals noted above, irrigated acreage has actually increased because of conservation, efficient timing, and improved water delivery, particularly east of the Mississippi River where humid conditions dominate (Solley et al., 1998~.
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From page 28... ...
Salinization of both ground and surface waters continues to be a problem on many of the irrigated lands throughout the West, and many of the techniques used for the management of drainage waters ultimately fail to maintain salt balances. Research should continue on the development of more efficient water management techniques.
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From page 29... ...
More fruitful approaches may be to use genetic engineering to promote deep rooting and increase the Faction of the plant devoted to grain and fruit in dry conditions. In addition, genetic control that improves crop quality may lead to a reduction in the need for weed- and pest-control chemicals, thereby resulting in greater economic retune for the water used ~C, 1 996a)
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From page 30... ...
Yet, there is limited information about how the timing of certain hydrologic events controls ecosystem structure and functioning A systematic understanding of the relationships among biological, hydrologic, and geologic factors will ultimately be needed if efforts to alter hydrologic regimes are to be successfi~. Systems approaches to modeling and to understanding aquatic ecology have been ongoing; however, much additional research is needed if the promise of these approaches is to be realized.
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From page 31... ...
Research aimed at developing strategies for managing aquatic habitats for the purpose of preserving biodiversity and maintaining ecosystem health is needed as well. Priority should be given to research aimed at developing a broad and comprehensive understanding of aquatic habitats.
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From page 32... ...
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