Carbon Management Implications for R&D in the Chemical Sciences and Technology (2001) / Chapter Skim
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9. Managing Carbon Losses for Selective Oxidation Catalysis
9. Managing Carbon Losses for Selective Oxidation Catalysis
Pages 147-158
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From page 147... ...
For example, for a malefic anhydride plant operating at a capacity of 200 million pounds per year, with 60% selectivity, more than 500 million pounds per year of carbon dioxide is produced per year. Therefore, there is a large incentive to improve yield of the desired hydrocarbon product in these processes.
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From page 148... ...
This is a remarkable example of CO2 reduction using a two-step process. A recent patent has described the oxidation of propylene to acrolein and acrylic acid using a multicomponent metal oxide catalyst in a circulating solids reactor (CSR)
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From page 149... ...
When air was introduced into the CSR, the conversion increased to 21% and selectivity dropped to 82%, once again showing the substantial advantage of keeping gas-phase oxygen out of the catalytic oxidation zone. DuPont recently commercialized a new process for the oxidation of butane to maleic anhydride using a CSR.7 The maleic anhydride is scrubbed from the reaction zone as maleic acid and then hydrogenated to tetrahydrofuran.
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From page 150... ...
The first two steps occur above 350°C with an overall yield of about 75%. The main by-product is carbon dioxide.
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From page 151... ...
A relative comparison of costs of various oxygen sources is shown in Table 9.4. Clearly, from a cost standpoint, it will be difficult to justify new commodity chemical processes using on-purpose production of N2O and H2O2 as oxygen source.
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From page 152... ...
Solutia decided to separate the N2O after the nitric acid oxidation of K/A and to react it with benzene to produce phenol, which can be hydrogenated to K and oxidized to adipic acid. This provides an opportunity to use the N2O for expansion purposes and to provide a higher incremental yield of adipic acid.
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From page 153... ...
The ethylene produced is acceptable for the formation of ethylbenzene.22 Recently Wang et al. have studied the effect of the support on the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane with ethylene using carbon dioxide.23 The data are shown in Table 9.6.
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From page 154... ...
This workshop has suggested a number of opportunities to convert CO2 into useful products. However, for chemistry, the ultimate goal is to eliminate the production of carbon dioxide completely in new processes.
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From page 155... ...
4. Creative new catalytic technology can significantly reduce investment and carbon dioxide production through higher yields and few steps.
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From page 156... ...
Leo Manzer: I agree with yesterday's discussion. For us, 500 million pounds a year of CO2 is a lot of material, but still much smaller than carbon dioxide from electricity facilities.
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From page 157... ...
Dave Thomas, BP Amoco: As was pointed out yesterday, the amount of carbon dioxide produced by the chemical industry is relatively small compared to many of the other processes. Every time you take something up and boil it and then cool it off through some mechanical or chemical process, you consume a great deal of energy.
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From page 158... ...
You pointed out that in reaction with butane, you have to avoid the explosive limit, and you can produce a lot of CO2 by accident if you don't avoid the combustion limits. Have you thought about using carbon dioxide-oxygen mixtures rather than air in these kinds of reactions?
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