Effectiveness and Impact of Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) Standards (2002) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 63-82
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From page 63... ...
63 4 Impact of a More Fuel-Efficient Fleet If the technologies described in Chapter 3 are implemented, making vehicles more fuel efficient, there will be a variety of impacts. This chapter explores the potential impacts on energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions, costefficient levels of fuel economy, industry and employment, and safety.
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From page 64... ...
64 EFFECTIVENESS AND IMPACT OF CORPORATE AVERAGE FUEL ECONOMY (CAFE) STANDARDS these hypothetical fuel economy increases, fuel savings in 2015 range from 10 billion gallons for a 15 percent fuel economy increase to 25 billion gallons for a 45 percent increase.
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IMPACT OF A MORE FUEL-EFFICIENT FLEET 65 economy are held constant: (1) acceleration performance, (2)
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66 EFFECTIVENESS AND IMPACT OF CORPORATE AVERAGE FUEL ECONOMY (CAFE) STANDARDS are developed.
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IMPACT OF A MORE FUEL-EFFICIENT FLEET 67 TABLE 4-2 Case 1: Cost-Efficient Fuel Economy (FE) Analysis for 14-Year Payback (12% Discount Rate)
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68 EFFECTIVENESS AND IMPACT OF CORPORATE AVERAGE FUEL ECONOMY (CAFE) STANDARDS divert resources that would otherwise go toward satisfying consumers' demands for performance, styling, and other vehicle features.
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IMPACT OF A MORE FUEL-EFFICIENT FLEET 69 soon to historic levels. Increased competition could reduce truck profits to half of their former levels.
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70 EFFECTIVENESS AND IMPACT OF CORPORATE AVERAGE FUEL ECONOMY (CAFE) STANDARDS have improved even more had vehicles not been downsized.
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IMPACT OF A MORE FUEL-EFFICIENT FLEET 71 powerful (and heavier) engines and performance packages, which could attract more aggressive drivers.
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72 EFFECTIVENESS AND IMPACT OF CORPORATE AVERAGE FUEL ECONOMY (CAFE) STANDARDS make up the vehicle fleet (compare Appendix D of NRC, 1992)
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IMPACT OF A MORE FUEL-EFFICIENT FLEET 73 Vehicle Size and Safety Estimates of the effect of vehicle weight have been confounded with the effects of size because the mass and size of vehicles are correlated so closely. For example, the 2001 Buick LeSabre, a typical large car, is 200 inches long and 74 inches wide and weighs (unloaded)
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From page 74... ...
74 EFFECTIVENESS AND IMPACT OF CORPORATE AVERAGE FUEL ECONOMY (CAFE) STANDARDS ments of vehicles has changed little since 1977, when EPA estimated the interior volume of cars to be 110 cubic feet.
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IMPACT OF A MORE FUEL-EFFICIENT FLEET 75 crashes into fixed objects, and crashes with pedestrians and bicyclists. Rollovers Historically, a large part of the increase in casualties associated with vehicle downsizing has been attributable to rollovers.
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From page 76... ...
76 EFFECTIVENESS AND IMPACT OF CORPORATE AVERAGE FUEL ECONOMY (CAFE) STANDARDS downweighting and downsizing that occurred in the late 1970s and 1980s.
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IMPACT OF A MORE FUEL-EFFICIENT FLEET 77 Similarly, if midsize and large SUVs are assumed to be in the heaviest 20 percent of light-duty trucks and if such vehicles account for as much as half the light-duty truck population in the near future, then about half the light-duty truck fleet will be 5 percent lighter (about 200 lb)
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78 EFFECTIVENESS AND IMPACT OF CORPORATE AVERAGE FUEL ECONOMY (CAFE) STANDARDS REFERENCES Austin, T.C., R.G.
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79 Assessments of new automobile technologies that have the potential to function with higher fuel economies and lower emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) have been made by the Energy Laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
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80 EFFECTIVENESS AND IMPACT OF CORPORATE AVERAGE FUEL ECONOMY (CAFE) STANDARDS FIGURE 4A-1 Life-cycle comparisons of technologies for midsize passenger vehicles.
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IMPACT OF A MORE FUEL-EFFICIENT FLEET 81 third less than that of the other vehicles.) The bars suggest the range of uncertainty surrounding the results.
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From page 82... ...
82 EFFECTIVENESS AND IMPACT OF CORPORATE AVERAGE FUEL ECONOMY (CAFE) STANDARDS HEV, as well as the conventional CIDI diesel, offer significant total system energy use and GHG emission benefits compared with the conventional gasoline engine.
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