Work, Aging, and Vision Report of a Conference (1987) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 28-37
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From page 28... ...
This section identifies some of the possibilities raised by conference participants, which include providing suitabIc sometimes very inexpensive visual aids for older workers; providing opportunities for training and retraining on the job; raising illumination; introducing other selected modifications in the design of the work environment; adopting certain available screening procedures; and redesigning jobs. Taken separately or together, these actions could bring enormous returns to both workers and employers.
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From page 29... ...
These activities are structurally quite similar in that both involve rapid keystroke responses to visually presented alphabetic characters, but the stimuli in the choice reaction tone task were presented discretely, with the next stimulus presented only after the response had been registered from the previous stimulus. The important finding to note from this study is that the age trends differ substantially for the two tasks despite considerable superficial similarity.
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From page 30... ...
This fi~ing suggests that skilled typists begin processing characters to be typed well in advance of the current character. In fact, if only a single character ~ presented and typists are prevented from using this type of anticipatory processing, performance closely resembles that characteristic of the reaction time task.
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From page 31... ...
As visual field extent is shown to be of importance in jobs involving visual search, for example, or in information-dense scenes, visual field testing may become more desirable and thus a standard part of screening procedures for older workers. Many visual screening procedures that could be used by employers are still In the experimental phase.
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From page 32... ...
PROVIDING VISUAL AIDS What simple changes might be made in the workplace in order to accommodate visually Unpaired workers? There are many simple magnification devices and techniques that can be put to use, such as a device to increase the relative size of the material to be used.
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From page 33... ...
Genensky, In a paper prepared for the conference, also identified the role of closed circuit television as a versatile visual aid currently available to partially sighted workers in some settings. Closed circuit television permits the control of the magnification of material seen on the screen as well as its brightness and contrast.
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From page 34... ...
We tried to provide pretraining and learning to learn kinds of skills, like organizing material, making size judgments, and the like." The second perspective concerns how to train people for specific tasks. Czaja and her colleagues found that the success of older people In learning to perform new tasks or new jobs is highly dependent on the type of training method employed.
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From page 35... ...
MODIFYING Tom: WORKPLACE In indoor office and factory workplaces the major limitation on visual functioning of older workers results from a relative lack of illumination of the unage on the retina. As Fozard reported to conferees, one study measured the time required by women in two age ranges from (1~27 years and 4~57 years)
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From page 36... ...
So the individual working at a video display workstation must either accept blurred vision or change posture in order to view the keyboard or the reference documents. Thoughtful workplace design or the use of trifocab or progressive focal lenses can reduce these problems.
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From page 37... ...
As Kahne pointed out, "Not only is it the customary source of economic support for individuals add their dependents, for many persons it makes possible valuable pension benefits and offers the only source of health insurance protection at reasonable cost prior to age 65. It often provides, as well, psychological support of 'community' and a sense of self-identity." Can part-time work ever be a viable alternative to meet the needs of older workers for whom vision problems significantly impede the performance of their tasks?
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