Arsenic in Drinking Water 2001 Update (2001) / Chapter Skim
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1 Introduction
1 Introduction
Pages 15-23
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review the data published on the health effects of arsenic since the NRC's 1999 report, Arsenic in Drinking Water. The NRC was also asked to evaluate the arsenic risk assessment conducted by EPA for the proposed arsenic standard published in the January 22, 2001, Federal Register (EPA 2001a)
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Using the Poisson regression model, the lifetime risk for male bladder cancer at the MCL (50 micrograms per liter Dug/ is ~ to l.5 per 1,000, and the lifetime risk for all cancers combined could be on the order of ~ in 100.~ On the basis of its assessment, the subcommittee concluded that "the current EPA MCL for arsenic in drinking water of 50 ,ug/L does not achieve EPA's goal for public health protection and therefore requires downward revision as promptly as possible." 'Two of the 16 members of the previous subcommittee did not agree with the 1 in 100 estimate pending further analysis of the risk of lung cancer, as done for bladder cancer in Chapter 10 of the 1999 report.
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On the basis of "national and international research, the bladder cancer risk analysis provided by the National Research Council (NRC) report issued by the National Academy of Sciences (NRC 1999)
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. In its majority report, the SAB commented on the scientific basis of EPA's health risk assessment and on the economic and engineering aspects of the final rule.
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That analysis follows the EPA draft carcinogen risk assessment guidelines (EPA 1996~. On the basis of that assumption and estimates of water intake, EPA calculated cancer risks at various MCL options.
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Specifically, the charge to the subcommittee was to review relevant toxicological and health-effects studies published and relevant data developed since the 1999 NRC report, including the toxicological risk-related analyses performed by EPA in support of its regulatory decision-making for arsenic in drinking wafer. The subcommittee addressed only scientific topics relevant to toxicological risk and health effects of arsenic; it did not address questions of economics, cost-benefit assessment, control technology, or regulatory decision-making.
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ORGANIZATION OF THIS REPORT Subsequent to the release of Arsenic in Drinking Water MARC 1999) , numerous new studies and analyses have been published on the health effects of arsenic and related data, including epidemiological studies on cancer and noncancer effects, toxicokinetic and mode-of-action studies, and reports on arsenic risk assessments.
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2000c. Arsenic Proposed Drinking Water Regulation: A Science Advisory Board Review of Certain Elements of the Proposal, A Report by the EPA Science Advisory Board.
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EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency)
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