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Pages 507-526

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From page 507...
... alcohol and drug abuse, 199, 249 birth certificates, 197, 202, 204, 221, 327 child abuse and neglect, 318, 323, 327, 331-337, 344, 345, 346 507 child well-being, 7, 251, 316-352, 504, 505 education, 316, 319, 328, 337-341, 344, 345 eligibility, 318, 321, 323, 324-325, 326, 329, 331 leaver studies, 324, 331 state government role, 318, 327-331 TANF, 316-317, 318, 324-325, 326, 327, 331-337 (passim) , 343, 344, 346 children, data cleaning, 202-203 cleaning methods, 6, 197, 199-205, 211212, 217, 304 confidentiality, 6-7, 220-274, 304, 305, 504 adolescents, educational records, 339340 age factors, 228 Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, 7, 238-239, 242 children, 7, 339-341, 345-346 cost factors, 222, 258, 263, 273-274 criminal records, 238-239, 255-256, 263 educational attainment, 228, 338-340 food stamps, 225, 226-227, 240, 249 funding, 236, 242, 246
From page 508...
... , 448, 453-463, 464, 468 survey data vs administrative data, 6, 275-279, 287-288, 289, 295303, 311 unemployment insurance records, 7, 69, 132, 203, 225, 249, 276(n.3) , 277, 278, 287, 290312, 403, 406-408, 413, 417422, 431-431, 442-445, 451, 462 families and households, general, 278, 317, 319, 320, 400, 473 food stamps, 283 child well-being, 318, 320, 324, 331, 343 cleaning and matching of data, 197, 203, 225, 226-227, 409 confidentiality, 225, 226-227, 240, 249 leaver studies, 401-402, 409, 432-435, 445, 446, 448-449, 450, 463 funding, 207, 236, 242, 246 gender factors, caseload heterogeneity, 473, 474, 478, 481, 482-499 data matching, 204, 212 linking, 25, 210, 212, 216, 229 geographic factors, cleaning of data, 202-203, 212 confidentiality, 228, 261 juvenile justice system, 342 linkage of data, 207, 212, 216 incentives, survey data vs.
From page 509...
... , 343, 344, 346 telephone surveys and, 57, 58, 60, 69, 7071,74 unemployment insurance records, 7, 69, 132, 203, 225, 249, 276(n.3) , 277, 278, 287, 290-312, 403, 406-408, 413, 417-422, 431431, 442-445, 451, 462 vital statistics, 75, 225, 323, 327-331 Adolescents education, privacy rights, 339-340 educational attainment, 228 health status, 322, 323, 327 incentives, surveys, 106-107, 121 income and employment, 300-301 in-person interviews, 90, 93 juvenile justice system, 7, 75, 328, 341343, 344, 345 qualitative studies, 375 AFDC, see Aid to Families with Dependent Children African Americans, see Black persons Age factors see also terms beginning "Child" and "Children" caseload heterogeneity, 482 confidentiality and privacy, 228 elderly persons, 33, 111, 171, 368 leaver studies, 428, 447-448, 451, 456, 467 survey respondents, error of measurement, 167-168, 171, 176 survey response, general, 29, 33, 37, 43, 135-136, 137-138, 142, 167168, 171, 176 Aggregation and disaggregation of data, 205, 220, 252, 259, 260, 286 see also Matching, administrative data child health status, 322, 329
From page 510...
... , 289, 300 survey respondents, error of measurement, 171-173 waivers, 317 Alcohol and drug abuse administrative data, general, 199, 249 Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, 134 child well-being, 316, 323, 327 qualitative studies, 368 survey respondents, error of measurement, 177, 184-185 survey sampling and, 93, 94 state income tax records, 57-58 Supplemental Security Income, 92, 134 American Association of Public Opinion Research, 86 Archives, see Data archives Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation (ASPE) access and confidentiality issues, 7, 238239, 242 child health status, 329-330 leavers, 8, 9, 67, 238-239, 242, 388, 430431 telephone surveys, 67 Attitudes child well-being and, 319, 320 interviewers, 95, 97, 99, 110-111 INDEX qualitative studies, 357, 378 Survey of Consumer Attitudes, 121 survey respondents, 30, 35, 36, 37, 39, 43, 96-97 error of measurement, 157, 159, 164165, 177-178, 194-186 incentives and, 105-106, 110-111, 113-114, 116-119, 121 socially sensitive questions, 5, 37, 66, 106, 157, 159, 164-165, 177178, 184-186 B Benefit penalties, see Sanctions Best practices, 3, 9 telephone surveys, 55, 56, 68, 72-75, 78, 79, 86 Best Practices Booklet, 86 Birth certificates, 197, 202, 204, 221, 327 Black persons, 21, 90, 91, 93, 115, 135, 136, 370, 371, 451, 454, 461, 486, 488, 493 Block grants, child health, 328-329 Bureau of the Census, 87, 88, 382 see also Current Population Survey; Survey of Income and Program Participation Census of Population, 275 data cleaning, 212 data confidentiality, 262-263 data linkage, 216 C Case management, 48, 249, 369 Caseload measures, 3, 220, 276, 306, 311, 327, 355, 371, 377, 415-499 child well-being, 324, 333-334, 335-336 educational attainment, 473, 474-475, 478-479, 486, 488, 489, 493, 496 heterogeneity of caseload, 473-499 gender factors, 9, 473, 474, 478, 481, 482-499 leaver studies, 387, 389, 415-473, 474, 477-478, 480 Census Bureau, see Bureau of the Census Census of Population, 275 Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, 134
From page 511...
... , 318-326 (passim) , 329 Cognitive factors, surveys see also Language factors comprehension of items, 5, 161, 173, 178180, 189 memory, 5, 159, 161, 162, 163-164, 168, 175, 176-177, 180-184, 404, 408 respondents, error of measurement, 157, 159, 160-164, 165, 167-168, 174-175, 176-177, 178-184, 187-189 response rates, 37, 41-42 Cohort comparison studies child health status, 330-331 income and employment, 279, 280, 406 leavers, 8-9, 397, 398-399, 401-405, 406, 407, 413, 415-416, 417-422 National Longitudinal Surveys, 275, 476; see also National Longitudinal Survey of Youth Community factors, see Local-level effects Computer-assisted personal interviewing, 88, 89, 90, 160, 177-178, 376-377 Computer-assisted telephone interview, 111 Computerized databases, see Databases Confidentiality and privacy administrative data, 6-7, 220-274, 304, 305, 504 adolescents, educational records, 339340 Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, 7, 238-239, 242 children, 7, 339-341, 345-346 cost factors, 222, 258, 263, 273-274 criminal records, 238-239, 255-256, 263 educational attainment, other, 228 food stamps, 225, 226-227, 240, 249 funding, 236, 242, 246 linkage, 216-217, 220, 222-223 legislation, 6-7, 222, 223-224, 232, 233-241, 246, 247, 255-257, 266-267, 268, 271-274 criminal penalties for breeches, 238-239, 254-256, 263, 268, 274
From page 512...
... , 294, 310 response rates, 21 Cyclic welfare users, 9, 89-91, 206, 396-397, 399, 422-426, 430, 431, 433, 434, 438-445, 451, 454, 456, 457-459, 462-464, 468, 471, 472, 478 caseload heterogeneity, 474, 480, 481482, 485-499 (passim) D cleaning methods, 6, 197, 199-205, 212 confidentiality issues, 249-250, 268 matching of data, 6, 7, 41, 49, 60, 93, 132, 134, 141, 143, 153, 154, 167-168, 171, 173, 174, 175, 197, 205-218, 304 Data Matching and Privacy Protection Act, 234, 235-236 Databases, 30 see also Confidentiality and privacy child well-being, 328, 344-346 cleaning methods, 6, 197, 199-205, 211212, 217, 225, 226-227, 304, 409
From page 513...
... , 206, 209-211, 213-217 sharing of data, 227-228, 241 telephone surveys, 30, 57, 58, 59, 60, 69, 70-71 Death certificates, 327, 328 Demographic factors see also Age factors; Gender factors; Geographic factors; Marriage and marital status; Race/ ethnicity; Socioeconomic status administrative data cleaning, 200, 304 error of measurement, 159 heterogeneity of caseload, 473-499 (passim) Incentives for survey respondents, 105106, 114, 115-116 income and employment, survey data, 282, 304, 305 leaver, definition, 419 qualitative studies, 359-361 survey nonresponse, 37, 41, 42, 133, 135140, 142, 143, 145, 146 Department of Health and Human Services see also Administration for Children and Families; Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation child well-being, 322, 334 privacy and confidentiality of data, 233, 240 Department of Labor, 378-380 Diet, see Nutrition 513 Disaggregation, see Aggregation and disaggregation of data Drug abuse, see Alcohol and drug abuse EEarly Screening and Periodic Screening and Diagnostic Testing, 324 Earned Income Tax Credits (EITC)
From page 514...
... , 275, 277, 279-290 (passim) , 294, 310 gender factors, 21, 173, 176, 280, 281, 300-301, 473, 475-476, 478, 486, 488, 489, 492-496 health insurance, employer-provided, 321 interviewer recruitment/supervision, 9596, 98-100, 101, 102-103 interviewer training, 4, 5, 31-32, 40, 4346, 47, 51, 159-160 in-person surveys, 92, 94-98, 99, 101, 102-103 telephone surveys, 63-64, 66, 67, 68 INDEX Job Training Partnership Act, 246, 278, 291, 295-302, 310-312 qualitative studies, 357, 359-361, 366367, 378, 382 survey data, 275, 277, 279-290, 295-303, 403-408, 505 survey nonresponse, 21, 22, 24-25, 30, 138, 142, 159, 151 survey respondents, error of measurement, 7, 164-171, 173-177, 277, 282290, 292-295, 304-305 unemployment insurance records, 7, 69, 132, 203, 225, 249, 276(n.3)
From page 515...
... , 428, 467 survey respondent error of measurement, 167-168 survey response, 13, 29-31, 33, 57, 58-59, 87, 91, 133, 142, 143 H Head Start, 329 Health and Retirement Survey, 110 Health insurance see also Medicaid children, 318, 320, 321, 323, 329 leaver studies, 394 Health status and care, 368 see also Medicaid; Mental health and illness adolescents, 322, 323, 327 caseload heterogeneity, 474 child well-being, 318, 320, 321-331, 344345 mortality rates, 317, 320, 322, 323, 327-328, 341 death certificates, 327, 328 leaver studies, 389, 394 vital statistics, 75, 225, 323, 327-331 Healthy People 2000, 322
From page 516...
... , 275, 279, 280-281, 284, 288, 289-290, 363 survey data, general, 275 survey design/response, 5, 30, 38, 86-87, 138, 142, 143-144 Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) , 363 incentives for respondents, 109- 110 income and employment data, 275, 277, 279, 280-281, 284-290, 310, 311 survey respondents, error of measurement, 164-165, 166-171, 178 In-depth interviews, 77, 88, 93, 357, 359-361, 370, 372 Informed consent and notification, 4, 57-58, In-person interviews adolescents, 90, 93 children, 90 68, 96, 125, 199, 231-232, 237, 258, 266-267
From page 517...
... , 7, 285-286, 302, 303-309, 312 Internet child health status, 329, 330 data confidentiality, 265, 267 prison inmates, 93 Interviews, 3, 31-50, 69-73, 86-104 see also In-person interviews; Panel studies; Response rates; Telephone surveys; Tracing and tracking administrative data vs. 199 517 attitudes of interviewees, 30, 35, 36, 37, 39, 43, 96-97 error of measurement, 157, 159, 164165, 177-178, 194-186 incentives and, 105-106, 110-111, 113-114, 116-119, 121 socially sensitive questions, 5, 37, 66, 106, 157, 159, 164-165, 177178, 184-186 attitudes of interviewers, 95, 97, 99, 110111 error of measurement, interviewers as source of, 159-160, 161 focus groups, 8, 43, 52, 357, 361-362 followup, 4, 33, 48, 74, 75, 81, 88, 116, 131; see also Tracing and tracking incentives, general, 107, 110-111, 112, 113-114, 120, 122 protocols, standardized, 93, 96, 186 recruitment/supervision of interviewers, 95-96, 98-100, 101, 102-103 refusal conversion, 4, 5, 25, 36, 42, 50, 63,64,65,66-67,68,75,99 incentives, monetary, 107, 115- 116, 124 training of interviewers, 4, 5, 31-32, 40, 43-46, 47, 51, 159-160 in-person surveys, 92, 94-98, 99, 101, 102-103 telephone surveys, 63-64, 66, 67, 68 J Job Training Partnership Act, 246, 278, 291, 295-302, 310-312 Joint Center for Poverty Research, 225 Juvenile justice system, 7, 75, 328, 341-343, 344, 345 L Language factors, 4, 56-57, 88, 130, 141-142 administrative data confidentiality statutes, 257 error of measurement, 158-159, 160-161 focus groups, 361 National Adult Literacy Survey, 121 Law enforcement, see Crime and criminal justice system
From page 518...
... , 427, 431, 451, 454, 460-461, 462 survey nonresponse, 30, 406, 409-412, 413 survey respondents, error of measurement, 170 telephone surveys, 2, 3-4, 55, 57, 67-75, 78-79, 403-406 urban areas, 427-472 (passim) Leavers, see Continuous welfare leaver; Cyclic welfare users; Longterm welfare users; Short-term welfare users; Stayers Legal issues, see Confidentiality and privacy Legislation administrative data, confidentiality and access, 6-7, 222, 223-224, 232, 233-241, 246, 247, 255-257, 266-267, 268, 271-274 criminal penalties for breeches, 238239, 254-256, 263, 268, 274 Data Matching and Privacy Protection Act, 234, 235-236 educational testing, standardized, 338-339 Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act, 339-341 Freedom of Information Act, 233 Job Training Partnership Act, 246, 278, 291, 295-302, 310-312 Paperwork Reduction Act, 124-125 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA)
From page 519...
... , 82 Males, see Gender factors Marriage and marital status see also Single mothers child well-being, 331, 336, 345 leaver studies, 440 qualitative studies, 356 survey nonresponse, 30, 37, 142-143 survey respondents, error of measurement, 167-168 519 Matching, administrative data, 6, 7, 41, 49, 60, 93, 132, 134, 141, 143, 153, 154, 167-168, 171, 173, 174, 175, 197, 198, 204-219, 220, 222-223, 224-227, 228229, 235-238, 241, 252, 261, 264, 268, 276, 287-288, 298, 504 child well-being, 336, 343, 344, 346 gender factors, 210, 212, 216, 229, 252 leaver studies, 402-403, 408, 409, 411, 412, 417-422 longitudinal studies, 207, 336 standards, 211-212, 235-237 statistical analyses, 205(n.2) , 206, 209211, 213-217 Maternal and Child Health Block Grant, 328329 Maternal and Child Health Bureau, 322 Measurement error, 3, 5, 157-194 administrative data, 277, 292-295, 304305 alcohol and drug abuse, 177, 184-185 autobiographical information, 160-171 cognitive factors, 157, 159, 160-164, 165, 167-168, 174-175, 176-177, 178-184, 187-189 Current Population Survey (CPS)
From page 520...
... interview techniques, 66-67 response rate, 50 National Survey of College Graduates, 116 National Survey of Family Growth, 177 Noncash benefits see also Education and training; Food stamps child care services, 203, 204, 205, 206, 226,249,319,367,368,377, 416 housing subsidies, 142, 143 transportation assistance, 367 Nonresponse adjustment, 3, 5, 13-54, 62, 86, 129, 130-131, 132, 133, 134154 see also Response rates imputation and weighting, 25-28, 131, 138-155 leaver studies, 30, 406, 409-412, 413 population-based, 147-152 state government, 132, 138-139, 140, 142143, 411 children, general, 322 food stamps School Lunch Program, 203 WIC, 203, 204, 214, 249, 318, 320, 324, 343 o Office of Management and Budget, 88, 92 incentives, surveys, 123, 124-125 Old-Age and Survivors Insurance and Disability Insurance, 171 Open-ended questions, 357, 358-359, 375, 376, 380, 381 Organizational factors administrative data, confidentiality issues, 243-254, 258-259, 262-264, 265, 266, 267-268 Institutional Review Boards, 88, 92, 125, 236-237, 266-267 child well-being, services fragmentation, 318 error of measurement, 160 in-person interviews, 98-100, 101, 103 qualitative studies, 381-382
From page 521...
... , 275, 279, 280-281, 284, 288, 289-290, 363 Paper and pencil interviewing, 88, 89, 90, 160 Participation, see Program participation; Response rates Penalties, see Sanctions Personal interviews, see In-person interviews Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) , 1, 2, 8, 55, 275, 316-321, 330, 387, 394, 415-416, 431 see also Temporary Assistance for Needy Families; Time limits; Waiver programs; Work requirements Postal surveys, see Mail contacts Privacy, see Confidentiality and privacy Privacy Act, 233, 234-235, 237, 239, 240 Private sector confidentiality issues, researchers, 239, 241, 243-254 contractor monitoring, survey response rates, 55, 81, 94 521 Program participation, 198, 229, 276, 277, 356, 401-402 see also Caseload measures; Cyclic welfare users; Eligibility; Leaver studies; Short-term welfare users; Stayers; Survey of Income and Program Participation AFDC, 276, 280 leavers, 8-9, 249, 388(n.1)
From page 522...
... 522 sanctions, 379 single mothers, 366-367, 382 socioeconomic status, 363-364, 375-376 survey data and, 356, 357, 358-359, 377, 378 TANF, 355, 356, 359, 369, 370, 371 urban areas, 359-360, 366, 368, 370-374, 382 Questionnaires computer-assisted personal interviewing, 88, 89, 90, 160, 177-178 computer-assisted telephone interview, 111 Current Population Survey (CPS) , 281 error of measurement, 158- 159, 160, 170171, 177-180 language issues, 4, 56-57, 88, 158- 159, 170-171, 178-180, 184, 187 leaver studies, 389 open-ended questions, 357, 358-359, 375, 376, 380, 381 qualitative items, 337, 358-359, 375-377 socially sensitive items, 5, 37, 66, 106, 157, 159, 164, 174-175, 177178, 184-186 standards, interviewing protocols, 93, 96, 186 telephone interviews, 64-66, 68, 78 R Race/ethnicity see also Cultural factors; Language factors administrative data cleaning, 204, 212 administrative data linking, 210, 212, 216, 228-229 black persons, 21, 90, 91, 93, 115, 135, 136, 370, 371, 451, 454, 461, 486, 488, 493 caseload heterogeneity, 482, 486, 488, 489, 493 confidentiality and privacy, 228-229 employment, 21, 24-25, 171, 176, 482, 486, 488, 489, 493 focus groups, 362 Hispanics, 56, 88, 91, 140, 370, 451, 454, 486, 488, 489, 493 immigrants, 88, 90, 93, 366, 454, 457 incentives, surveys, 111, 115, 123 INDEX leaver studies, 428, 451, 454, 457, 467 Puerto Ricans, 90, 93, 370 qualitative studies, 363-364, 370, 371, 373, 382 survey respondents, error of measurement, 164, 171, 173, 176 survey response, 21, 24-25, 41, 87, 111, 115, 123, 135-136, 137-138, 140, 142, 143, 144, 146, 151 Recall, survey respondents, see Memory, survey respondents Referral and Monitoring Agencies, 134 Regression analysis, 3, 23-25, 152, 494-496 Reporting requirements administrative data vs survey data, 277 TANF, 275 Response rates, 2, 3, 13- 156 see also Incentives, surveys; Nonresponse adjustment administrative data and, 27, 50, 57, 132, 133-134, 142-143, 287-288, 411 error of measurement, 167- 168, 171, 173, 174, 175, 182 age factors, 29, 33, 37, 43, 135-136, 137138, 142 cognitive factors, 37, 41-42 cost factors, 37, 39, 41, 46, 49, 283 cultural factors, 36, 52 demographic factors, 37, 41, 42, 133, 135-140, 142, 143, 145, 146 educational attainment, 24-25, 142, 151 employment information, 21, 22, 24-25, 30, 138, 142, 159, 151 followup strategies, 4, 33, 48, 74, 75, 81, 88, 116, 131 food stamp users, 26 gender factors, 21, 37, 41, 109, 135-136, 137-138, 142, 143, 144, 146, 151 geographic factors, 13, 29-31, 33, 57, 5859, 87, 91, 133, 142, 143 income and employment data, 296, 297, 410-411 in-person interviews, 3, 4, 31-50, 69, 77, 78, 86-104, 502 tracing and tracking, 61, 74 item nonresponse effects, 111-113, 130 leaver studies, 30, 57, 67-75, 78-79, 86, 92, 107, 404-405, 406, 408-412 locating sample persons, 29-31
From page 523...
... , 462, 466-470, 471, 472 see also Cyclic welfare users caseload heterogeneity, 474, 480, 483-499 (passim) Single mothers, 1, 317, 320 child abuse, administrative data, 331, 336 income, administrative data, 306-309 income, survey data, 280, 281 leaver studies, 394, 400 qualitative studies, 366-367, 382 SIPP, see Survey of Income and Program Participation Social factors, 4 see also Attitudes; Cultural factors; Language factors; Local-level effects child well-being, 316 confidentiality, sensitive data, 221, 230231 qualitative studies, 356 survey nonresponse, 30, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 106 survey respondents, error of measurement, 157, 159, 160, 164, 174-175, 184-186 surveys, sensitive questions, 5, 37, 66, 106, 157, 159, 164, 174-175, 177-178, 184-186 Social Security Administration, 276, 288, 323 Social Security numbers, 58, 60, 69, 74, 208, 209, 210, 211, 214-216, 228, 238, 239, 287-288, 298, 343, 402-403
From page 524...
... , 463-464, 466, 468, 471, 472 caseload heterogeneity, 474, 480-499 (passim) INDEX Substance abuse, see Alcohol and drug abuse Supplemental Security Income child health status, 323 leaver studies, 427, 431, 451, 454, 460461, 462 response to surveys, 26, 92, 94, 134-136 Survey data, 1, 3-5, 13-194, 356 see also Cognitive factors, surveys; Incentives, surveys; In-depth interviews; In-person interviews; Interviews; Mail contacts; National-level studies; Questionnaires; Response rates; Sampling and sample size; Telephone surveys; specific surveys administrative data vs.
From page 525...
... , 343, 344, 346 caseload heterogeneity, 482 child well-being, qualitative data, 356 income and employment data, 275, 276, 278, 280, 282-283, 290, 310, 311-312 leaver studies, 8, 26-27, 72, 170, 205, 249, 356, 359, 388-403 (passim) , 409, 412, 431, 432, 437, 445, 446 noncoverage, surveys, 134 program participation, 276, 280 qualitative studies, 355, 356, 359, 369, 370, 371 survey data, general, 278, 280, 282-283, 403, 409, 412 survey nonresponse, 6, 26-27, 134 survey respondents, error of measurement, 170 waivers, 317 Three-City Study, 372-373 Time limits, 1, 6, 395, 472 child well-being, 343 income and employment data, 275 Time-use surveys, 32, 175 Tracing and tracking, 30 cost factors, 30, 59-61, 79-81, 101 followup, 4, 33, 48, 74, 75, 81, 88, 116, 131 in-person surveys, 61, 74, 92-94, 96, 101, 102 telephone surveys, 59-61, 68, 70-72, 7375, 79-81, 98-99 Training, see Education and training Transportation assistance, 367
From page 526...
... nonresponse, surveys, 21, 33, 36, 87, 142143 qualitative studies, 359-360, 366, 368, 370-374, 382 survey respondent error of measurement. 167-168 Three-City Study, 372-373 tracing and tracking, 75 Urban Change project, 371-372, 375-376 Urban Institute, see National Survey of America's Families V Vital statistics, 75, 225, 323, 327-331 INDEX W ., Waiver programs, 317 Weighting, 25-28, 131, 138-155, 252, 290 Well-being, general, 389, 394-395, 406 see also Child well-being; Health status and care; Income and earnings, general; Leaver studies administrative data, 197 defined, 389, 394 telephone surveys, 78 Welfare leavers, see Leaver studies Welfare stayers, see Stayers WIC, see Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children Women, see Gender factors Work requirements, 1, 472 child health status and, 321 World Wide Web, see Internet


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