Immunization Safety Review Thimerosal-Containing Vaccines and Neurodevelopmental Disorders (2001) / Chapter Skim
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Under Review: Thimerosol Containing Vaccines and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Under Review: Thimerosol Containing Vaccines and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Pages 27-37
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From page 27... ...
Thimerosal in Vaccines Thimerosal, also known as thiomersal, has been used as a preservative in some vaccines and other biological and pharmaceutical products since the 1930s. FDA regulations require the use of preservatives in multi-dose vials of vaccines to prevent fungal and bacterial contamination (General Biologics Products Standards, 2000~.
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From page 28... ...
Some high-nsk children may also receive the influenza vaccine, increasing He maximum cumulative dose to approximately 200 fig in the first 6 months and 275 fig in the first 2 years of life (see Table 2~. The maximum cumulative doses of mercury from vaccines in the first six months and two years of life were then compared to estimated cumulative limits for mercury exposure based on guidelines of the Environmental Protection
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From page 29... ...
Ed i: It i, It a; i, o ~ 'e N _ ._ o o IS: Cat ._ .
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From page 30... ...
At this time, vaccines currently manufactured or marketed that are on the recommended immunization schedule and given to children six years of age or younger contain no thimerosal as a preservative or contain only trace amounts (<0.5 ,ug Hg per dose) of thimerosal left over from the manufacturing process (CDC, 2000b)
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From page 31... ...
Neurodevelopmental Disorders In its assessment of possible neurodevelopmental effects from exposure to thimerosal in vaccines, the committee decided to focus on a few clinically defined diagnoses of NDDs rather than on markers of subclinical differences, such as psychometric test scores, that may or may not correlate well with differences in diagnosis. The specific NDDs considered by the committee were autism, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
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From page 32... ...
, refers to a continuum of related cognitive and neurobehavioral disorders that reflects the heterogeneity of these symptoms. ASD encompasses the more narrowly defined "autistic disorder" as well as childhood disintegrative disorder, Asperger's syndrome, Rett's syndrome, and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS, or atypical autism)
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From page 34... ...
for speech or language delay correspond with three communication disorders described in DSM-IV, namely expressive language disorder, mixed receptive-expressive language disorder, and phonological disorder (see Box 3~. Expressive language disorder is characterized by a significant impairment in vocabulary, difficulty forming sentences of developmentally appropriate length, and misuse of verb tense (APA, 1994~.
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From page 35... ...
reported speech delay for 3-10% of all children, which is consistent with additional rates reported in the literature (Boyle et al., 1994, Shriberg et al., 1999, Silva et al., 1983~. The researchers also noted that speech delay affects boys three to four times more often than girls (Leung and Kao, 1999~.
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From page 36... ...
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From page 37... ...
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