Fisheries Technologies for Developing Countries (1988) / Chapter Skim
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The objective is to establish new contacts, to examine alternative fishing technologies, and, after careful planning, to encourage application in new areas. SMA[L-SCALE FISHERMEN There are about 15 million traditional small-scale fishermen in the Third World, perhaps half of whom fish full time.
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Government fishery policies often tend to concentrate resources in the modern, large-scale, commercial fisheries that earn foreign exchange. Thus, the smallscale fisherman finds it difficult or impossible to obtain credit, extension services, marketing assistance, or similar aid from development programs.
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~ other situations, the artmanal fisherman's reliance on less than optimal fishing vessels, methods, and gear may limit his catch, especially when he is competing with the industrial sector. The lack of adequate landing and processing facilities exacerbates heavy losses from wastage and makes selling fish outside the local area difficult.
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Each fishery should be studied individually to determine the technologies that are applicable to its specific conditions. Boats Traditional fishing vessels are highly adapted to the fishing techniques and marine conditions of a specific region.
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The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization's Bay of Bengal program has adapted a fiberglass version of the traditional vu, a wooden outrigger. A number of fiberglass modifications of traditional West African fishing vessels have also been designed by the Yamaha Motor Company of Japan.
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The Bay of Bengal program in India and Sri Lanka has reintroduced sailing rigs to small fishing vessels with positive results. A great deal of work has also gone into fitting sails to West African fishing canoes.
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Concrete trawler exclusion modules, which damage trawling nets of industrial fisheries, have also been deployed. Artificial reefs are placed on the sea floor; fish aggregating devices (FADS)
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Nevertheless, they are easily lost in the marine environment. Coastal Mariculture Mariculture offers an alternative to the overexploited marine resources in many coastal regions.
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Black plastic lining in the chamber absorbs heat and initiates a flow of heated air through the drier. Improved smokers, such as the Chorkor smoker, are gaining acceptance In West Africa.
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If this is the case for the fishery in question, there is certainly no need to introduce more efficient fishing technologies that would further exceed the maximum sustainable yield. A new technology will create an impact on the fish stocks.
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Since technology implies knowledge and knowledge translates into power, there could be significant power shifts in the commmunity as a result of the introduction. It must be determined if the community's social fabric is resilient enough to withstand these increased tensions or if, perhaps, the increased social stress caused by the technology would negate its benefits.
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1985. Artisanal fishing and environmental conservation in Southeast Asian Seas.
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