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From page 187... ... Index A Abiotic forces, general, 2, 5, 6, 12, 42, 52-54, 79, 83, 93, 105, 110, 149 see also Climate and weather; Ecosystem effects; Geographic factors; Spatial distribution hydrology, 1, 7, 95, 98, 101, 103, 104 light, 70, 87-88, 103 Aesthetic values, 7, 14, 103, 105 see also Landscaping and gardening Age distribution, 4-5, 44, 48 Agricultural Research Service, 126 Agriculture, 7, 14, 15, 38, 64, 94, 105, 108, 112, 133-134, 137, 145 committee study methodology, 2 cost of crop damage/control measures, 1, 2, 15, 95 forest interfaces, 101 pathogens, 25-26 trade liberalization, 17 Air transport, 29, 40 Alang alang, 104 Algae, 98, 99 Allee effects, 43, 47-48, 75, 84 Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) committee recommendations, 10-11, 143-145 foreign trade controls, 15-17, 144-145 187 introductions, 15, 128-131, 132, 133-134, 144 Port Information Network, 4, 10, 32-37, 39, 143-144 quarantine measures, 23, 25, 33, 62, 91, 111 risk assessments, 8, 10- 11, 13, 15- 16, 127134, 143-145 Argentine ants, 46 Arid ecosystems, 6, 26, 32, 66, 83, 93, 103 Artemisia tridentata, 103 Arthropods, see Insects Australia, 43, 55, 61, 91, 99, 101, 109, 112, 113, 116, 133, 134-137, 150 B Beech bark disease, 106 Big sagebrush, 103 Biodiversity, 6-7, 59, 85-89, 94, 100, 102-103 see also Competition Biological control, 9, 16, 20, 99, 108-109, 135, 141-143, 149 see also Natural enemies Allee effects, 47 climate-matching, 114 establishment and, 41, 42, 47, 51, 63, 74 nontarget species, 16, 108-109 virulence, 99 Read the entire page →
From page 188... ... Geological Survey, 146 Demographics, general, 4, 12, 44, 52, 74, 75, 78-79, 82, 97-98, 122, 124, 149 see also Dispersal; Reproductive factors; Spatial distribution age distribution, 4-5, 44, 48 extinction, 42, 44-45, 73-74, 84, 100, 149 founder populations, 41, 45, 50, 51, 53, 67, 72, 73-75 (passim) , 89, 122, 149 individual effects, 98 minimum viable population, 42, 43, 82 Department of Agriculture, 2, 126, 143, 145151 see also Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Desert ecosystems, see Arid ecosystems Disasters, 45, 75 Dispersal, 6, 12, 19, 21, 59, 80-85, 93-94, 97, 116, 123, 129, 131, 147-148 birds, 6, 39 fruit and fruiting, 6, 7, 68-69, 93-94, 97 genetic factors, 100 gradients, 81 models of, 83-84 pollen and pollination, 6, 7, 65, 66-68, 101, 105 Read the entire page →
From page 189... ... , 72-74, 76, 77, 79-80, 83 minimum viable population, 42, 43, 82 parasites, 42, 47, 54, 59, 60, 73 pathogens, 43, 53-54, 55, 58, 61-62, 70-72, 77, 81-82 predictive systems, 8, 10-11, 15-16, 17, 111, 122, 131, 138, 142, 144 taxonomy, 42, 52, 56, 60, 66, 76 temporal factors, 45, 68-69, 76, 81, 85, 93 Euphydryas butterfly, 100 Europe, 20, 22, 37-38, 39, 55, 87, 91, 112 gypsy moth, 1, 102, 104-105 insects, other, 24, 34, 53, 56-57, 58, 63-64, 73 rabbits from, biocontrols in Australia, 99 European larch canker, 53 Evolution, 7, 21, 74, 89-93, 98, 100, 105, 109, 110 hybridization, 7, 77, 89, 90-92, 98-99 Experiments and experimental data, 6, 112, 125, 149 establishment, 51, 59-59, 86-87, 145 field screening, 11, 125, 145 selection pressures, 7, 90, 92 Expert judgment, 8-9, 10, 11, 19, 113, 115-116, 117, 137, 138, 142, 146, 149 multidisciplinary approaches, 12-13, 150-151 study committee biographies, 181 - 185 Exports and imports, see Foreign trade; Travel and tourism F Federal government, 9, 13, 14, 28-29, 145-151 see also Legislation Department of Agriculture, 2, 126, 143, 145-151; see also Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Geological Survey, 146 National Invasive Species Council, 150 National parks, 7, 106 noxious weed and seed lists, 28, 144, 149150 Fire ants, 46, 101 Fires, 7, 45, 75, 88-89, 95, 110 Fish and fisheries, 98, 103, 108 Florida, 101 Flowers and flowering, 6, 21, 68-69, 117 cape tulip, 116, 133, 136-137 pollen and pollination, 6, 7, 65, 66-68, 101, 105 Read the entire page →
From page 190... ... . host specificity, 5, 7, 12, 36, 71, 76, 80 92 Insechc~des, 79 129, 147-148 hybridization, 7, 77, 89, 90-92, 98-99 phenotypic plasticity, 5, 45, 75, 77, 89, 91, 116, 146 phylogeny and traits, 76, 77, 89, 91, 118 119, 139, 146 predictive systems evaluated, 115- 116, 117 sleeper species, 90 The Genetics of Colonizing Species, 116 Geographic factors, 5, 6, 9, 14, 18, 39, 49-50, 78, 96, 102 see also Dispersal; Spatial distribution climate-matching, 113-115 committee study methodology, 17 formula to assess impact, 97 isolated habitats, 96; see also Islands INDEX latitude, 5, 20, 53, 58, 76 predictive systems evaluated, 112- 115, 141 142, 145, 146, 147-148 Geological Survey, 146 Grazers, 26, 54, 61 Greenhouse gases, 104, 110 Gypsy moths, 1, 83, 102, 104-105 H Harmonia axyyridis, 108 Hawaii, 21, 103 Health, human, 137 Hesperis matronalis, 90 Homeriaminiata, 116, 133, 136-137 Horticulture, see Landscaping and gardening Host availability, 5, 7, 53, 54, 55-59, 76, 99, 102, 123, 128 Host distribution, 5, 55-59, 76, 122, 128, 129, 131 Host specificity, 5, 7, 12, 36, 71, 76, 80, 92, 129, 147-148 Hybrids and hybridization, 7, 77, 89, 90-92, 9899 Hydrology, 1, 7, 95, 98, 101, 103, 104 Hypericum perforatum, 109 I Imperata cylindrica, 104 Imports and exports, see Foreign trade; Travel and tourism APHIS border controls, 15-16 geographic factors, 9 historical perspectives, 3, 20, 21 suburban areas, 1 Insects, 4, 5, 14, 99-100, 101, 104, 108, 112 see also Pollen and pollination committee study methodology, 2 establishment, 41, 46, 51, 55-64 (passim) Read the entire page →
From page 191... ... , 89, 122, 149 insects, 23-25, 27-28, 34, 39, 108-109, 122124; see also Natural enemies intentional, 4, 6, 11, 12, 16, 17-18, 20, 2122, 26-28, 30-32, 38 Internet as vehicle, 4, 31, 39 see also Landscaping and gardening; Travel and tourism multiple, 4, 7, 50, 58, 61, 71, 91, 93, 95, 97, 104-106, 119, 148 pathogens, 25-26, 27-28, 39, 121-122 taxonomy, 34, 37 temporal factors, 8, 90, 93, 107, 124 Islands, 21, 86, 96 Australia, 43, 55, 61, 91, 99, 101, 109, 112, 113, 116, 133, 134-137, 150 Hawaii, 21, 103 New Guinea, 61 New Zealand, 87 J Jadera haemotoloma, 100 Japan, 34-36 Journal of Ecology, 146 K Karibaweed, 148 191 L Lachnellula wilkommii, 53 Ladybird beetles, 101 Landscape, 52 see also Aesthetic values Landscaping and gardening, 4, 30-31, 66, 101, 137, 145, 149 see also Nurseries Lantana, 148 Leafhoppers, 85-86 Legislation Endangered Species Act, 98 International Plant Protection Convention, 17, 133, 141 Plant Quarantine Act, 23, 25 Life-history traits, 8, 12, 42, 43, 66-74, 77, 80, 82, 89, 98, 109, 115-119, 122, 125126, 145, 147-148 see also Flowers and flowering; Fruit and fruiting; Reproductive factors dormancy, 5, 6, 53, 69, 70, 75, 76, 77, 122, 124 light requirements, 70, 87-88, 103 seed production, 69, 137 Life tables, 79 Light requirements, 70, 87-88, 103 Linepithema humile, 46 Lythrum salicaria, 91 M Madagascar, 104 Maine, 53 Marine invertebrates, 98 Massachusetts, 104 Mediterranean Basin, 113 Melaleuca, 103, 148 Mexico, 104, 108 Mimosa pigra, 43, 101 Minimum viable population, 42, 43, 82 Models, see Simulations and models Moran effect, 48 Multidisciplinary approaches, 12- 13, 150- 151 Multiple introductions, 4, 7, 50, 58, 61, 71, 91, 93, 95, 97, 104-106, 119, 148 Mutualists, 5, 54, 65-66, 94 pollen and pollination, 6, 7, 65, 66-68, 101, 105; see also Dispersal Myrica faya, 103 Myxoma virus, 99 Read the entire page →
From page 192... ... , 134-135, 136, 142 see also Expert judgment Quarantine measures, 23, 25, 33, 62, 91, 111, 134 R Regulatory issues, 8, 12, 13, 15, 21, 109, 127, 147 see also Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service; Standards and standardization pesticides, 109 quarantine measures, 23, 25, 33, 62, 91, 111, 134 World Trade Organization, 16- 17 Reproductive factors, 44-45, 74, 78, 112, 116, 137 see also Demographics; Genetics Allee effects, 43, 47-48, 75, 84 insects, 72-73, 77, 122-123 minimum viable population, 42, 43, 82 pathogens, 70, 77, 122-123, 147-148 plants, 66-68, 77, 122-123; see also Flowers and flowering; Fruit and fruiting; Pollen and pollination; Seeds Read the entire page →
From page 193... ... , 126, 139, 144, 147, 150 Temporal factors, 107, 109-110 disasters, 45 dispersal, 81 establishment, 45, 68-69, 76, 81, 85, 93 flowering and fruiting, 68-69 introduction to manifestation, 8, 90, 93, 107, 124 Tetroplum fuscum, 90 Texas, 101 Trade, see Foreign trade; Interstate commerce; Travel and tourism T r a g 0 p 0 g 0 n I a i t f 0 1 i a / m i r u s / m i s c e I I u s , 9 1 Traits, 41, 82, 87-89, 99-100, 120, 139 life-history, 8, 12, 42, 43, 66-74, 77, 80, 82, 89, 109, 115-119, 122, 125-126, 145, 147-148 dormancy, 5, 6, 53, 69, 70, 75, 76, 77, 122, 124 light requirements, 70, 87-88, 103 seed production, 69, 137 phylogeny and, 76, 77, 89, 91, 118-119, 139, 146 Travel and tourism, 29, 38-39 APHIS controls, 15 historical perspectives, 3, 19, 25 Read the entire page →
From page 194... ... 194 Urban areas, 1 U V Vascular plants, general, 6, 18-19, 32, 37, 56, 98, 102 Port Information Network, 10, 144 Vectors, 5, 20, 54, 62, 65-66, 76, 148 Virulence, 5, 56, 61-62, 70, 71 biological controls, 99 Visual quality, see Aesthetic values INDEX W Weather, see Climate and weather West Virginia, 104-105 White pine blister rust, 53-54 Wind, 6, 39, 85, 93 Woody plants and products, 3, 8, 24, 34, 73, 130 see also Forests World Trade Organization, 16- 17 World Wide Web, see Internet The World's Worst Weeds, 112 Read the entire page →

From page 187...

... Index A Abiotic forces, general, 2, 5, 6, 12, 42, 52-54, 79, 83, 93, 105, 110, 149 see also Climate and weather; Ecosystem effects; Geographic factors; Spatial distribution hydrology, 1, 7, 95, 98, 101, 103, 104 light, 70, 87-88, 103 Aesthetic values, 7, 14, 103, 105 see also Landscaping and gardening Age distribution, 4-5, 44, 48 Agricultural Research Service, 126 Agriculture, 7, 14, 15, 38, 64, 94, 105, 108, 112, 133-134, 137, 145 committee study methodology, 2 cost of crop damage/control measures, 1, 2, 15, 95 forest interfaces, 101 pathogens, 25-26 trade liberalization, 17 Air transport, 29, 40 Alang alang, 104 Algae, 98, 99 Allee effects, 43, 47-48, 75, 84 Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) committee recommendations, 10-11, 143-145 foreign trade controls, 15-17, 144-145 187 introductions, 15, 128-131, 132, 133-134, 144 Port Information Network, 4, 10, 32-37, 39, 143-144 quarantine measures, 23, 25, 33, 62, 91, 111 risk assessments, 8, 10- 11, 13, 15- 16, 127134, 143-145 Argentine ants, 46 Arid ecosystems, 6, 26, 32, 66, 83, 93, 103 Artemisia tridentata, 103 Arthropods, see Insects Australia, 43, 55, 61, 91, 99, 101, 109, 112, 113, 116, 133, 134-137, 150 B Beech bark disease, 106 Big sagebrush, 103 Biodiversity, 6-7, 59, 85-89, 94, 100, 102-103 see also Competition Biological control, 9, 16, 20, 99, 108-109, 135, 141-143, 149 see also Natural enemies Allee effects, 47 climate-matching, 114 establishment and, 41, 42, 47, 51, 63, 74 nontarget species, 16, 108-109 virulence, 99

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From page 188...

... Geological Survey, 146 Demographics, general, 4, 12, 44, 52, 74, 75, 78-79, 82, 97-98, 122, 124, 149 see also Dispersal; Reproductive factors; Spatial distribution age distribution, 4-5, 44, 48 extinction, 42, 44-45, 73-74, 84, 100, 149 founder populations, 41, 45, 50, 51, 53, 67, 72, 73-75 (passim) , 89, 122, 149 individual effects, 98 minimum viable population, 42, 43, 82 Department of Agriculture, 2, 126, 143, 145151 see also Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Desert ecosystems, see Arid ecosystems Disasters, 45, 75 Dispersal, 6, 12, 19, 21, 59, 80-85, 93-94, 97, 116, 123, 129, 131, 147-148 birds, 6, 39 fruit and fruiting, 6, 7, 68-69, 93-94, 97 genetic factors, 100 gradients, 81 models of, 83-84 pollen and pollination, 6, 7, 65, 66-68, 101, 105

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From page 189...

... , 72-74, 76, 77, 79-80, 83 minimum viable population, 42, 43, 82 parasites, 42, 47, 54, 59, 60, 73 pathogens, 43, 53-54, 55, 58, 61-62, 70-72, 77, 81-82 predictive systems, 8, 10-11, 15-16, 17, 111, 122, 131, 138, 142, 144 taxonomy, 42, 52, 56, 60, 66, 76 temporal factors, 45, 68-69, 76, 81, 85, 93 Euphydryas butterfly, 100 Europe, 20, 22, 37-38, 39, 55, 87, 91, 112 gypsy moth, 1, 102, 104-105 insects, other, 24, 34, 53, 56-57, 58, 63-64, 73 rabbits from, biocontrols in Australia, 99 European larch canker, 53 Evolution, 7, 21, 74, 89-93, 98, 100, 105, 109, 110 hybridization, 7, 77, 89, 90-92, 98-99 Experiments and experimental data, 6, 112, 125, 149 establishment, 51, 59-59, 86-87, 145 field screening, 11, 125, 145 selection pressures, 7, 90, 92 Expert judgment, 8-9, 10, 11, 19, 113, 115-116, 117, 137, 138, 142, 146, 149 multidisciplinary approaches, 12-13, 150-151 study committee biographies, 181 - 185 Exports and imports, see Foreign trade; Travel and tourism F Federal government, 9, 13, 14, 28-29, 145-151 see also Legislation Department of Agriculture, 2, 126, 143, 145-151; see also Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Geological Survey, 146 National Invasive Species Council, 150 National parks, 7, 106 noxious weed and seed lists, 28, 144, 149150 Fire ants, 46, 101 Fires, 7, 45, 75, 88-89, 95, 110 Fish and fisheries, 98, 103, 108 Florida, 101 Flowers and flowering, 6, 21, 68-69, 117 cape tulip, 116, 133, 136-137 pollen and pollination, 6, 7, 65, 66-68, 101, 105

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From page 190...

... . host specificity, 5, 7, 12, 36, 71, 76, 80 92 Insechc~des, 79 129, 147-148 hybridization, 7, 77, 89, 90-92, 98-99 phenotypic plasticity, 5, 45, 75, 77, 89, 91, 116, 146 phylogeny and traits, 76, 77, 89, 91, 118 119, 139, 146 predictive systems evaluated, 115- 116, 117 sleeper species, 90 The Genetics of Colonizing Species, 116 Geographic factors, 5, 6, 9, 14, 18, 39, 49-50, 78, 96, 102 see also Dispersal; Spatial distribution climate-matching, 113-115 committee study methodology, 17 formula to assess impact, 97 isolated habitats, 96; see also Islands INDEX latitude, 5, 20, 53, 58, 76 predictive systems evaluated, 112- 115, 141 142, 145, 146, 147-148 Geological Survey, 146 Grazers, 26, 54, 61 Greenhouse gases, 104, 110 Gypsy moths, 1, 83, 102, 104-105 H Harmonia axyyridis, 108 Hawaii, 21, 103 Health, human, 137 Hesperis matronalis, 90 Homeriaminiata, 116, 133, 136-137 Horticulture, see Landscaping and gardening Host availability, 5, 7, 53, 54, 55-59, 76, 99, 102, 123, 128 Host distribution, 5, 55-59, 76, 122, 128, 129, 131 Host specificity, 5, 7, 12, 36, 71, 76, 80, 92, 129, 147-148 Hybrids and hybridization, 7, 77, 89, 90-92, 9899 Hydrology, 1, 7, 95, 98, 101, 103, 104 Hypericum perforatum, 109 I Imperata cylindrica, 104 Imports and exports, see Foreign trade; Travel and tourism APHIS border controls, 15-16 geographic factors, 9 historical perspectives, 3, 20, 21 suburban areas, 1 Insects, 4, 5, 14, 99-100, 101, 104, 108, 112 see also Pollen and pollination committee study methodology, 2 establishment, 41, 46, 51, 55-64 (passim)

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From page 191...

... , 89, 122, 149 insects, 23-25, 27-28, 34, 39, 108-109, 122124; see also Natural enemies intentional, 4, 6, 11, 12, 16, 17-18, 20, 2122, 26-28, 30-32, 38 Internet as vehicle, 4, 31, 39 see also Landscaping and gardening; Travel and tourism multiple, 4, 7, 50, 58, 61, 71, 91, 93, 95, 97, 104-106, 119, 148 pathogens, 25-26, 27-28, 39, 121-122 taxonomy, 34, 37 temporal factors, 8, 90, 93, 107, 124 Islands, 21, 86, 96 Australia, 43, 55, 61, 91, 99, 101, 109, 112, 113, 116, 133, 134-137, 150 Hawaii, 21, 103 New Guinea, 61 New Zealand, 87 J Jadera haemotoloma, 100 Japan, 34-36 Journal of Ecology, 146 K Karibaweed, 148 191 L Lachnellula wilkommii, 53 Ladybird beetles, 101 Landscape, 52 see also Aesthetic values Landscaping and gardening, 4, 30-31, 66, 101, 137, 145, 149 see also Nurseries Lantana, 148 Leafhoppers, 85-86 Legislation Endangered Species Act, 98 International Plant Protection Convention, 17, 133, 141 Plant Quarantine Act, 23, 25 Life-history traits, 8, 12, 42, 43, 66-74, 77, 80, 82, 89, 98, 109, 115-119, 122, 125126, 145, 147-148 see also Flowers and flowering; Fruit and fruiting; Reproductive factors dormancy, 5, 6, 53, 69, 70, 75, 76, 77, 122, 124 light requirements, 70, 87-88, 103 seed production, 69, 137 Life tables, 79 Light requirements, 70, 87-88, 103 Linepithema humile, 46 Lythrum salicaria, 91 M Madagascar, 104 Maine, 53 Marine invertebrates, 98 Massachusetts, 104 Mediterranean Basin, 113 Melaleuca, 103, 148 Mexico, 104, 108 Mimosa pigra, 43, 101 Minimum viable population, 42, 43, 82 Models, see Simulations and models Moran effect, 48 Multidisciplinary approaches, 12- 13, 150- 151 Multiple introductions, 4, 7, 50, 58, 61, 71, 91, 93, 95, 97, 104-106, 119, 148 Mutualists, 5, 54, 65-66, 94 pollen and pollination, 6, 7, 65, 66-68, 101, 105; see also Dispersal Myrica faya, 103 Myxoma virus, 99

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From page 192...

... , 134-135, 136, 142 see also Expert judgment Quarantine measures, 23, 25, 33, 62, 91, 111, 134 R Regulatory issues, 8, 12, 13, 15, 21, 109, 127, 147 see also Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service; Standards and standardization pesticides, 109 quarantine measures, 23, 25, 33, 62, 91, 111, 134 World Trade Organization, 16- 17 Reproductive factors, 44-45, 74, 78, 112, 116, 137 see also Demographics; Genetics Allee effects, 43, 47-48, 75, 84 insects, 72-73, 77, 122-123 minimum viable population, 42, 43, 82 pathogens, 70, 77, 122-123, 147-148 plants, 66-68, 77, 122-123; see also Flowers and flowering; Fruit and fruiting; Pollen and pollination; Seeds

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From page 193...

... , 126, 139, 144, 147, 150 Temporal factors, 107, 109-110 disasters, 45 dispersal, 81 establishment, 45, 68-69, 76, 81, 85, 93 flowering and fruiting, 68-69 introduction to manifestation, 8, 90, 93, 107, 124 Tetroplum fuscum, 90 Texas, 101 Trade, see Foreign trade; Interstate commerce; Travel and tourism T r a g 0 p 0 g 0 n I a i t f 0 1 i a / m i r u s / m i s c e I I u s , 9 1 Traits, 41, 82, 87-89, 99-100, 120, 139 life-history, 8, 12, 42, 43, 66-74, 77, 80, 82, 89, 109, 115-119, 122, 125-126, 145, 147-148 dormancy, 5, 6, 53, 69, 70, 75, 76, 77, 122, 124 light requirements, 70, 87-88, 103 seed production, 69, 137 phylogeny and, 76, 77, 89, 91, 118-119, 139, 146 Travel and tourism, 29, 38-39 APHIS controls, 15 historical perspectives, 3, 19, 25

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From page 194...

... 194 Urban areas, 1 U V Vascular plants, general, 6, 18-19, 32, 37, 56, 98, 102 Port Information Network, 10, 144 Vectors, 5, 20, 54, 62, 65-66, 76, 148 Virulence, 5, 56, 61-62, 70, 71 biological controls, 99 Visual quality, see Aesthetic values INDEX W Weather, see Climate and weather West Virginia, 104-105 White pine blister rust, 53-54 Wind, 6, 39, 85, 93 Woody plants and products, 3, 8, 24, 34, 73, 130 see also Forests World Trade Organization, 16- 17 World Wide Web, see Internet The World's Worst Weeds, 112

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Index Pages 187-194

Index
Pages 187-194