Capitalizing on New Needs and New Opportunities Government-Industry Partnerships in Biotechnology and Information Technologies (2001) / Chapter Skim
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I. Introduction and Overview
I. Introduction and Overview
Pages 21-32
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INTRODUCTION and OVERVIEW
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Importantly, federal iSee National Research Council, Trends in Federal Support of Research and Graduate Education, Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 2001, p.
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In the private sector, the demise of large industrial laboratones, such as IBM's Yorktown facility and Bell Laboratones, has reduced the amount of basic research conducted by pnvate companies.2 Although private sector R&D has steadily increased in the United States in recent years, almost all of it has been product-onented rather than geared towards basic research.3 In addition, the increase in corporate spending on research is concentrated in sectors such as the pharmaceutical industry and information technology. The second area of concern regards the allocation of federal research funds, specifically, the unplanned shifts in the level offederal support within the U.S.
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cit., Table A-1. 7See Michael McGeary, "Recent Trends in the Federal Funding of Research and Development Related to Health and Information Technology," in this volume, p.3.
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As biotechnology continues to mature, he noted, it needs greater multidisciplinary collaboration to reach its full capability.l° In turn, the nature of federal funding will have to evolve if it is to accommodate the changing nature of the industry. Taking a historical perspective, Kenneth Flamm of the University of Texas noted that the federal government role in supporting information technology evolved from being the main customer to providing long-term basic research to supporting near-term targeted projects.
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To this end, skills in bioinformatics and related information technology will be increasingly called for. Yet, as Rita Colwell of the National Science Foundation observed, interdisciplinary training -needed for bioinformatics is often limited by constraints posed by traditional departmental boundaries.
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12 By contrast, firms in the information technology sector rely more on trade secrecy and long lead times to protect intellectual property. Robert Blackburn of Chiron Corporation explained that the courts have been applying patent law doctrine, developed for the synthetic chemical industry, to biotechnology.
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economy, and points out that continued technical advance in information technology yields substantial payoffs in biotechnology and other areas.l4 To maintain the commitments of the industry and to ensure continued welfare-enhancing gains in productivity, the federal government should continue and expand its investments in the research that supports this critical industry. In his analysis, Michael McGeary documents recent trends in federal funding of research related to health and information technology.l5 Drawing on the recent assessment by the STEP Board,l6 he describes the substantial shift in the composition of the federal research portfolio that has taken place over the l990s.
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cit. 18See National Research Council, Trends in Federal Support of Research and Graduate Education, op.
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Effective government-industry partnerships are a key component of this productivity-enhancing policy framework. With this review of the opportunities and challenges posed by partnerships in the biotechnology and computing industries, the Committee hopes to encourage greater public understanding of the importance of the national research effort and of the need for well-conceived partnership programs to help bring the fruits of this research to all Americans.
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