Commercial Supersonic Technology The Way Ahead (2001) / Chapter Skim
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2. Technology Challenges
2. Technology Challenges
Pages 10-16
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From page 10... ...
, provided general guidance regarding the probable future of commercial and military supersonic aircraft. Supersonic Business Jet Prospective manufacturers, with encouragement from business jet fleet operators, view the SBJ as a near-term prospect, with a payload of perhaps 8 to 15 passengers, a cruise speed of approximately Mach 1.6 to Mach 1.8, and a range of 4,000 to 5,000 nautical miles (NM)
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From page 11... ...
For each of the three notional commercial supersonic aircraft, the committee used a combination of engineering judgment, historical trends, and simplified equations to identify vehicle characteristics and the technology goals that must be achieved to satisfy requirements for an environmentally acceptable and economically viable aircraft (see Table 2-1 and Figure 2-1~. Overland transport aircraft (and comparably sized military strike aircraft)
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From page 12... ...
4,000 to 5,000 4,000 to 5,000 5,000 to 6,000 Payload (passengers) 8 to 15 100 to 200 300 Sonic boomlow enough to permit Yes Yes Yes, if possibleb No supersonic cruise over land Vehicle characteristics Payload weight fractions ~0.07 0.15 to 0.20 Aircraft empty weight fractions ~0.44 ~0.40 ~0.20 ~0.37 Vehicle empty weight fractions ~0.38 ~0.34 ~0.32 ~0.36 (larger aircraft)
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From page 13... ...
The potential uncertainty associated with environmental effects and regulations pose nontechnical barriers as well, because TABLE 2-2 Environmental Regulations Relevant to Commercial Supersonic Aircraft 13 Empty Weight Fraction 0.35 0.3- ~ .
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From page 14... ...
, however, prohibit commercial flight at greater than Mach 1 over the United States and require that commercial supersonic aircraft, such as the Concorde, that fly to and from the United States impose flight restrictions to ensure that they do not "cause a sonic boom to reach the surface within the United States" (14 CFR Part 91. These regulations will have to be changed to allow supersonic flight over land.
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From page 15... ...
To minimize opposition on environmental grounds, new supersonic aircraft may be required to meet the same standards as subsonic aircraft. TECHNOLOGY CHALLENGES The key technology challenges that derive from the customer requirements, vehicle characteristics, and technology goals quantified in Table 2-1 are related either to economics, the environment, or certification: Environment - benign effect on climate and atmospheric ozone —low landing and takeoff noise —low sonic boom Economics range, payload, fuel burn, etc.
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From page 16... ...
However, hydrogen's low density requires large fuel storage volumes, which would increase the air vehicle empty weight fraction, decrease the L/D, and COMMERCIAL SUPERSONIC TECHNOLOGY: THE WAY AHEAD increase sonic boom. Thus, in the terminology used here, the technology requirements would change, but the challenges would not diminish.
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