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Appendix E: Glossary
Pages 259-272

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From page 259...
... Boldface words in glossary definitions refer to other terms defined in the glossary. Adult stem cell - An undifferentiated cell found in a differentiated tissue in an adult organism that can renew itself and can (with certain limitations)
From page 260...
... These same ICM cells, if grown in culture, can give rise to embryonic stem cell lines. At the time of implantation the mouse blastocyst is made up of about 70 trophoblast cells and 30 ICM cells.
From page 261...
... Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) - A prenatal test performed by removing a small sample of the placenta from the uterus with either a catheter (a thin flexible tube)
From page 262...
... Cytoplasm consists of a fluid containing numerous structures, known as organelles, that carry out essential cell functions. DI - See Donor insemination Differentiated - Having developed into a specialized cell or tissue type Differentiation - The process whereby an unspecialized early embryonic cell or stem cell acquires the features of a specialized cell, such as a heart, liver, or muscle cell.
From page 263...
... cell lines - Populations of dividing cells established from embryonic stem cells and cultured in the laboratory. Within embryonic cell lines are cells that can produce more embryonic stem cells or, under conditions of differentiation, give rise to collections of cells that include most or all cell types that can be found in a postimplantation embryo, fetus, or developed organism.
From page 264...
... Genomic imprinting - See Imprinting Germ cell or Germline cell - A sperm or egg, or a cell that can develop into a sperm or egg; all other body cells are called somatic cells. Germinal vesicle transfer- See Oocyte nuclear transfer Germline cell - See Germ cell
From page 265...
... . ~ , ~ Hematopoietic stem cell - A stem cell from which all red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets develop.
From page 266...
... The IRB has the authority to approve, require modifications in, or disapprove research activities in its jurisdiction, as specified by both federal regulations and local institutional policy. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection - An assisted reproductive method in which a sperm is injected directly into an unfertilized egg with a microscopic needle; this procedure is used in cases of severe male factor infertility.
From page 267...
... . Multipotent stem cells - Stem cells from the embryo, fetus, or adult, whose progeny are of multiple differentiated cell types and usually, but not necessarily, all of a particular tissue, organ, or physiological system.
From page 268...
... Oocyte nuclear transfer or Germinal vesicle transfer - An assisted reproductive technique involving transfer of an egg nucleus (usually from a woman with age-related infertility or mitochondrial disease) into a healthy donor egg whose nucleus has been removed.
From page 269...
... PSC - See Pluripotent stem cells Recloning - See Serial nuclear transfer
From page 270...
... - Transfer of the nucleus from a donor somatic cell to an unfertilized egg cell from which the maternal chromosomes have been removed. Somatic cell - Any cell of a plant or animal other than a reproductive cell or reproductive cell precursor.
From page 271...
... Unipotent stem cell - A stem cell that both divides and gives rise to a single mature cell type, such as a spermatogenic stem cell, which only gives rise to sperm.
From page 272...
... - A technique that allows production of enough DNA from a single cell to do multiple genetic analyses; involves nonspecific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of an entire genome, providing templates for later PCR to produce more copies of the genome.


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