Learning from Our Buildings A State-of-the-Practice Summary of Post-Occupancy Evaluation (2001) / Chapter Skim
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5 Post-Occupancy Evaluations and Organizational Learning
5 Post-Occupancy Evaluations and Organizational Learning
Pages 42-53
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From page 42... ...
More simply, in the words of Dennis Dunne, chief deputy director for California's Department of General Services, they "get it right the second or third time rather than the seventh or eighth." By being more systematic about assessing the impact of decisions and being able to use this assessment in future decision-making, building delivery organizations are able to reduce the time and cost to deliver buildings and increase their quality. iFor their generous and thoughtful input we would like to thank Stephan Castellanos, Dennis Dunne, Gerald Thacker, Lynda Stanley, Folly Welch and Richard Wener.
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We have examined written materials from 18 POE programs and interviewed participants wherever possible. We explored whether POE-based organizational learning appeared to be going on, whether the organizations had established support for learning, and the nature of the learning.
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As planning, facilities programming, design review, and value engineering became more structured, agencies such as Public Works Canada and the U.S. Postal Service added building evaluation as a further step in gathering and managing information about buildings (Kantrowitz and Farbstein, 1996~.
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From page 45... ...
More recently, POE has been seen as part of a spectrum of practices aimed at understanding design criteria, predicting the effectiveness of emerging designs, reviewing completed designs, and supporting building activation and facilities management (Preiser and Schramm, 1997~. With growing concerns about health and sustainability, several programs have also linked user response to the physical performance of buildings, such as energy performance (Bordass and Leaman, 1997; Cohen et al., 1996; Leaman et al., 1995)
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Postal Service, Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts, General Services Administration, and others have incorporated POEs into design guides.
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This has strongly increased the interest in POEs by participating firms. We are unaware of any POE programs that provide incentives for internal staff members to participate in evaluations, though several programs have discussed such incentives, such as providing a free vacation day as a reward for adding data to the knowledge base or providing a mini-sabbatical for participating in evaluations or a lessons-learned program.
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From page 48... ...
Provide Access to Knowledge for Different Audiences The simplest barrier to using POE for organizational learning is when POE results are not available to decision-makers. Many organizations produce POEs as case study reports that are not widely distributed.
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Courts, the U.S. Postal Service, and the General Services Administration have created design guides that are widely distributed.
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Most POEs now involve having facility managers fill out relatively brief mail-out surveys. The POE manager has found that the open-ended responses to the questionnaire are often most valuable in refining the USPS design guidelines because they are more specific than the scaled satisfaction responses.
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51 LESSONS FROM POE PROGRAMS: ENHANCING ORGANIZATIONAL LEARNING We have suggested that POE has a large potential for lessons learned as well as for project support and analysis. Because of the historic focus of much POE research, the difficulty of finding resources for organizational learning, and sensitivities in exposing problems, relatively few organizations have created effective POE-enabled organizational learning systems that include: 1.
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Dr. Zimring has focused on how social, organizational, and behavioral information can be incorporated into design and decision making at a variety of scales, from a freshman design studio to the $4.5 billion California prison development program, the $6 billion French Universities 2000 program, and the $1 billion annual construction budget of the California Department of General Services.
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From page 53... ...
. Building evaluations services.
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