Scientific Advances in Animal Nutrition Promise for the New Century: Proceedings of a Symposium (2001) / Chapter Skim
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2 Protecting Animal Health and Well-being Nutrition and Immune Function
2 Protecting Animal Health and Well-being Nutrition and Immune Function
Pages 13-20
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From page 13... ...
reports provide important recommendations on nutrient requirements that account for desired or expected animal performance. Industry professionals and university scientists would like to examine other major functional endpoints.
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From page 14... ...
Eventually target animal species need to be examined to determine specific concentrations of nutrients for optimal immunocompetence and health. Field tests and epidemiologic studies in production facilities will be necessary to verify the results with authentic disease challenges.
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From page 15... ...
should be noted by animal nutritionists as they design their research. DIETARY INFLUENCES ON THE IMMUNE SYSTEM Fundamental mechanisms through which diet influences the immune system and various mechanistic aspects need to be examined to determine how and why diet affects the immune system (Table 2-1~.
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From page 16... ...
The small size of the immune system, its capacity to appropriate nutrients from other tissues, and its endowment with high priority nutrient transporters generally indicate that the immune system can usually obtain many of the nutrients that it needs to do its job over a wide range of dietary levels. However, some trace nutrients such as iron, copper, and zinc are problematic because of their low concentration in muscle and their relatively high need within the immune system.
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From page 17... ...
Thus, the potency and specific regulatory properties of the eicosanoids released during immune responses change with the composition of dietary fat. Fish oil is high in eicosapentaenoic acid, which causes macrophages to be predisposed to release interleukins that drive T helper cells toward a Th2 type of response and less predisposed to a Thl type of response, especially the inflammatory response (Fritsche et al., 1999; Korver and Klasing, 1997~.
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From page 18... ...
Changes in these hormone levels affect the chicken's ability to mobilize neutrophils, which affects their resistance to various types of disease. Other dietary factors that impact immunity through their effects on hormone levels include protein to calorie ratios and presenting food ad libitum versus in a few large daily meals.
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From page 19... ...
An optimal immune response can be measured and can occur only under appropriate conditions. Optimizing the immune system is important because responses with the wrong leukocyte populations or under-responsiveness can increase the incidence of infectious diseases, whereas over-exuberant responses result in a variety of problems in an animal.
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From page 20... ...
1997. Dietary fish oil alters specific and inflammatory immune responses in chicks.
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