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Scientific Advances in Animal Nutrition Promise for the New Century: Proceedings of a Symposium (2001) / Chapter Skim
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5 Nutrients As Regulators of Gene Expression
Pages 32-37

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From page 32...
... affect gene expression and lead to changes in the abundance of key proteins that function at critical steps in metabolic pathways or control cell division or differentiation (Figure 5-1~. Here, I briefly describe how three macronutrients (i.e., cholesterol, glucose, and dietary fat)
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From page 33...
... Overview of nutrients as regulators of gene expression.
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From page 34...
... GLUCOSE REGULATION Glucose effects on gene expression have traditionally been ascribed to its regulation of insulin release from the pancreatic p-cell. However, studies with primary hepatocytes and pancreatic Q-cells have shown that glucose acts independently of insulin to control gene expression.
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From page 35...
... Nevertheless, the overall effect of this regulatory mechanism is to promote glucose uptake from the circulation, its intracellular metabolism and assimilation into lipid. FATTY ACID REGULATION Dietary fat and the resulting fatty acids have emerged as major regulators of gene expression through at least three distinct mechanisms: 1)
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From page 36...
... While PPARs have attracted considerable attention as molecular targets for fatty acid regulation of gene expression, it appears that these factors are not the sole targets for fatty acid effects on the genome. Recent studies indicate that one of the SREBPs, namely SREBPlc, is particularly sensitive to fatty acid regulation.
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From page 37...
... In addition to their role as an energy source, as structure elements or precursors to signaling molecules, macronutrients clearly have profound effects on gene expression. This nutrientgenome interaction interfaces with other signaling networks to allow integration of cellular control between dietary intake and internal regulatory mechanisms.
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Key Terms

  • fatty acids
  • transcription factors
  • nuclear receptors
  • affect gene
  • dietary fat

  • intracellular cholesterol
  • molecular targets
  • cholesterol levels
  • acid regulation
  • acid effects

  • sterol regulatory
  • protein phosphorylation
  • arachidonic acid
  • acid synthesis
  • specific transcription

  • nuclear content
  • called sterol
  • called peroxisome
  • regulatory element
  • specific genes

  • peroxisome proliferator
  • cholesterol metabolism
  • acid oxidation
  • highly unsaturated
  • polyunsaturated fatty

  • genes involved
  • cholesterol synthesis
  • gpr rapidly
  • cell metabolism
  • interaction interfaces


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