Evolutionary and Revolutionary Technologies for Mining (2002) / Chapter Skim
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2 Overview of Technology and Mining
2 Overview of Technology and Mining
Pages 10-18
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From page 10... ...
Nevertheless, the country is also a major producing country and a net exporter of a several mineral commodities, most notably gold. As Table 2-1 shows, the United States produces huge quantities of coal, iron ore, copper, phosphate rock, and zinc, as well as many other mineral commodities that are either exported directly or used in products that can be exported.
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From page 11... ...
23 Canada, India, Finland, Japan Iron and steel 22 European Union, Canada, Japan, Russia Lead 20 Canada, Mexico, Peru, Australia Cadmium 19 Canada, Belgium, Germany, Australia Iron ore 17 Canada, Brazil, Venezuela, Australia Sulfur 17 Canada, Mexico, Venezuela Salt 16 Canada, Chile, Mexico, Bahamas Silver 14 Mexico, Canada, Peru, Chile Perlite 13 Greece Asbestos 7 Canada Phosphate rock 7 Morocco Talc 6 China, Canada, Japan Iron and steel scrap 3 Canada, United Kingdom, Venezuela, Mexico Beryllium 2 Kazakhstan, Russia, Canada, Germany ~ In descending order of import share. Additional mineral commodities for which there are some import dependency include: Gallium France, Russia, Canada, Kazakhstan Germanium Russia, Belgium, China, United Kingdom Indium Canada, China, Russia, France Mercury Russia, Canada, Kyrgyzstan, Spain Platinum South Africa, United Kingdom Russia, Germany SOURCE: USGS, 2000.
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From page 12... ...
The major industrial materials are crushed stone, sand, and gravel, which are lumped together as "aggregate" and comprise about 75 percent of the total value of all industrial minerals. A wide variety of other materials are also mined, such as limestone, building stone, specialty sand, clay, and gypsum for construction; phosphate rock, potash, and sulfur for agricultures; and salt, lime, soda ash, berates, magnesium compounds, sodium sulfate, rare earth elements, bromine, and iodine for the chemical industries.
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From page 13... ...
MINERAL SYMBOLS B1 Copper and molybdenum +/gold, silver B2 Copper +/gold, silver B3 Lead, zinc +/copper +/- gold +/silver Be Beryllium Fe Iron Mg Magnesium Ma Molybdenum Ni Nickel RE Rare earths U Uranium V Vanadium Zn Zinc ~~ MINERAL SYMBOLS Au Gold P1 Silver +/base metals P2 Gold and silver P3 Gold and silver +/- base metals P4 Platinum and palladium
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From page 14... ...
~ ~ t~1 I ~ Gyp ~=~ IS ~ Peat: REP \ FIGURE 2-2a Major industrial rock and mineral producing areas - Part I
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From page 15... ...
Newly mined sulfur comes from the offshore Gulf of Mexico and western Texas, but recovered sulfur comes from many sources, such as power plants, smelters, and petroleum refineries. The Carolinas and Georgia are the only sources of high-grade kaolin and certain refractory raw materials.
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From page 16... ...
Some coals, entiated to some degree by mass, or even by shape. mostly coals mined underground, may require processing in Mining of industrial minerals may include several of the a preparation plant to produce marketable products.
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From page 17... ...
However, some exploration techniques, such as satellite remote sensing, require space flights, which use prodigious amounts of energy. Reducing waste generation suggests that more waste be left underground, and this is already being done to a considerable extent in the underground metal-mining sector by returning tailings mixed with cement underground as fill.
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From page 18... ...
Another by-product of investment in research and development is its beneficial effect on education. Research funds flowing to universities support students at both the undergraduate and graduate levels and provide opportunities for students to work closely with professors.
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