Effects of Trawling and Dredging on Seafloor Habitat (2002) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
6 Management Options
6 Management Options
Pages 57-64
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From page 57... ...
When the fishing capacity of the fleet is higher than necessary to harvest the allowable catch (overcapacity) , as with the western groundfish fishery (Pacific Fishery Management Council, 2000)
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From page 58... ...
In some instances, the prospect of limited fishing opportunities because of unacceptable bycatch rates has prompted technological innovations toward gear that generates less bycatch and reduces seafloor contact. The Alaskan pollock fishery (Box 6.1)
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From page 59... ...
Some otter trawls, for example, are designed to cause a cloud of sediment that herds fish into the trawl path (Smolowitz, 1998~. Gear modifications that reduce habitat disturbance are likely to reduce catch rates, and therefore would be unacceptable to most fishery participants.
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From page 60... ...
The New England Fishery Management Council is currently considering an amendment that would include rotational area closures in the management plan for the scallop fishery (New England Fishery Management Council, 2002~. Because rotational closures allow periodic fishing, they are inappropriate for highly structured seafloor habitats with long-lived attached species.
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From page 61... ...
Growth overfishing occurs when fish are caught before they grow large enough to achieve maximum yield per recruit, but without decline in recruitment levels (Gulland, 1983~. Economic overfishing occurs when excess fishing effort causes a fishery to produce no positive economic rent, that is, when the total costs of extraction equal or exceed the revenue provided by the fishery (Clark, 1976~.
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From page 62... ...
On the West Coast, years of increasingly strict effort controls in the face of declining groundfish fish populations were unsuccessful in matching capacity with the level of the resource. After the declaration of the West Coast groundfish disaster in February 1999, the Pacific Fishery Management Council's Scientific and Statistical Committee determined that only 27-41 percent of the trawl fleet's current capacity was needed to catch its allocation (Pacific Fishery Management Council, 2000~.
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From page 63... ...
Notwithstanding those qualifiers, the Browns Bank scallop habitat project is an excellent example of a collaborative and technological approach to meet management goals for seafloor habitats. CONCLUSION Three fishery management tools can be used to mitigate the effects of trawls and dredges on seafloor habitats, fishing effort reduction, modification of gear design or gear type, and area closures.
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From page 64... ...
Rather, some combination of options will often be most effective. The choice, utility, and limitations of a particular combination of the three measures to control fishing effects on seafloor habitats in a specific situation depends on the current regulatory setting, social and economic characteristics of the fishery and its participants, available habitat types, and the specific fishery management goals and objectives.
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