Geoscience Data and Collections National Resources in Peril (2002) / Chapter Skim
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3 Geoscience Data and Collections Today
3 Geoscience Data and Collections Today
Pages 40-56
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From page 40... ...
Sediment cores are comparatively much shorter cylindrical samples collected most commonly by rapidly vibrating or pounding a metal tube into the sediment. Cores are collected by many different kinds of people and entities, including major and independent petroleum companies, mineral exploration companies, water resource managers, engineers, and scientists.
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From page 41... ...
While rock cores require limited special treatment, the containers for ice and sediment must be airtight and sufficiently cold throughout transport and storage. Not all drill holes produce core, but almost all produce cuttings.
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From page 42... ...
Several major non-industry projects generate significant amounts of core for basic scientific exploration of Earth's crust or ice sheets. These scientific drilling programs include the Ocean Drilling Project (ODP)
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From page 43... ...
GEOSCIENCE DATA AND COLLECTIONS TODA Y DRILLING SYSTEMS A FOR CUTTINGS DRILL PIPE ~1 fly ~ CL TT IN GS Kin ~1 ~ OP IL L ~ IT _ CUTTINGS ROCK DRILL BIT B FOR CORES CUTTING HEADS i ~ CO ~ E CO R ~ CATCHERS CORE ' KIT // ~/ ~ Sal// in/ ~ ROCK CORE BIT FIGURE 3-2 Coring and cutting devices. SOURCE: Baker Hughes, 2001.
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From page 44... ...
It houses cores and samples from 65 companies and operates as a shared rental facility. Government's Current Role There are no state or federal requirements for the collection or retention of core or cuttings from wells drilled on public lands for oil, gas, or mineral exploration or research.
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From page 45... ...
Ice cores collected with funding from NSF's Office 45 of Polar Programs enter into the public domain timed on a project-by-project basis (NICL-SMO, 2000~. The USGS Core Research Center in Lakewood, Colorado, which houses core from 31 states, is the only national repository for publicly accessible core in the United States (see Sidebar 3-2~.
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From page 46... ...
For example, the latter groups collect a majority of their seismic data as a result of earthquake activity, but use the same collectors and processes to determine the occurrence of explosions triggered by underground bomb tests. Various collections of raw and test data such as seismic, well log, and petrophysical data, including porosity and permeability tests, are created and held by petroleum companies, environmental and engineering companies, geological surveys, federal agencies, individual researchers at colleges or universities, and private data-storage companies.
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From page 49... ...
They are part of the Automated Fluid Mineral Support System, but there is no overall index for this system (Duane Spencer, BLM, personal communication, 2001~. The BLM Solid Minerals Division is responsible for coal, uranium, and other leasable solid mineral exploration on federal lands.
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From page 50... ...
2However, NARA currently holds field notebooks from the Coast arid Geodetic Survey containing topographic, hydrographic, astronomical, magnetic, or seismic data, depending on the particular survey. In total, NARA holds 3,367 linear feet of these records (committee survey response, 2001)
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From page 51... ...
, colleges and universities, and private individuals (see Table 3-3~. Many petroleum companies previously held fossil collections, but most of these have been transferred to museums or universities over the past decade, largely as a result of the general deemphasis on basic research in industry, combined with increasing use of outsourcing to consultants for industrial Paleontological work.
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From page 52... ...
These orphaned collections represent millions of specimens (White and Allmon, 2000; see also Table 3-4~. Government's Current Role The federal government's current role in managing paleontological collections falls into four categories: responsibility for collections made by federal agencies on federal lands; regulating fossil collecting by the public on federal lands; support for non-federal collections (via the NSF)
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From page 53... ...
Yet their importance has never been greater; they continue to serve as fundamental tools for solving societal problems, such as petroleum exploration and studies of global change. ROCK AND MINERAL COLLECTIONS Rock and mineral collections include samples collected in the exploration for natural resources, research, geological mapping, teaching, or aesthetics.
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From page 54... ...
Its acquisition method is fairly typical of geoscience collections, deriving primarily from donations from other government agencies, industry, and private collectors. NSF's Earth Sciences Program provides no support for maintenance or care of rock, mineral, or ore collections.
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From page 55... ...
TABLE 3-5 Holdings of the National Mine Map Repositorya . 55 Number of Number of Number of State Maps State Maps State Maps Alabama 353 Kentucky 4,587 North Dakota 5 Alaska 2 Louisiana 0 Ohio 7,703 Arizona 927 Maine 541 Oklahoma 731 Arkansas 360 Maryland 558 Oregon 333 California 232 Massachusetts 60 Pennsylvania 11,293 Colorado 7,036 Michigan 10,795 Rhode Island 0 Connecticut 475 Minnesota 3,066 South Carolina 54 Delaware 4 Mississippi 84 South Dakota 751 District of Columbia 0 Missouri 8,456 Tennessee 1,155 Florida 0 Montana 727 Texas 1 Georgia 743 Nebraska 0 Utah 647 Hawaii 0 Nevada 940 Vermont 114 Idaho 577 New Hampshire 230 Virginia 8,283 Illinois 2,670 New Jersey 378 Washington 502 Indiana 2,625 New Mexico 121 West Virginia 45,458 Iowa 2 New York 1,184 Wisconsin 504 Kansas 537 North Carolina 1,598 Wyoming 550 aAlthough its holdings are extensive, the NMMR has many gaps in its collection of maps of abandoned mines because of its voluntary and informal agreements with states and the federal government (NRC, 2002)
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From page 56... ...
In addition to field notes, photographs, and maps, other types of data within the other data category include scout tickets (written descriptions of individual drill holes, including whether they produced hydrocarbons or not) and completion records (descriptions of the engineering characteristics of a given well)
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