Geoscience Data and Collections National Resources in Peril (2002) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
1 Introduction
1 Introduction
Pages 8-21
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From page 8... ...
, and maps out a national strategy for effectively managing geoscience data and collections (the overall goal of the committee's charge)
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Documentation includes information about age, location, depth, originator, and date acquired. sin one example, the replacement cost per foot of oil industry core currently is between $550 and $1,200, compared to an average annual storage cost of $0.33 to $0.66 per foot (Emily Stoudt, ChevronTexaco, personal communication, 2001)
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For example, analyses of gas trapped in bubbles in ice cores collected over the past decade have revolutionized scientists' thinking about possible mechanisms of climate change and the rapidity of that change. These ice core data along with information from fossil collections, lake cores, deep-sea cores, and other sources strengthen our predictions on the path and consequences of future changes in global climate.
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From page 13... ...
Maps such as this, which are critical for area planners and policy makers, typically are constructed from multiple types of archived geoscience data and collections. In this case, hazards assessment and predictability depend directly on completeness, accuracy, and understanding of the history of such events in the area a history recorded in geoscience data and collections.
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From page 14... ...
The use of collections for teaching purposes is of great importance in this virtual-image, computer age. Seeing and touching the real object, whether a natural history specimen or an ash deposit in a core, is a more informative learning experience than looking at a picture or reading a description.
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From page 15... ...
When preserved properly, such information is critical for thoughtfully designed urban planning studies in a variety of geologic settings. Commercial Value of Geoscience Data and Collections A primary goal of the President's energy policy in the coming years is to increase domestic oil, gas, and coal production (National Energy Policy Development Group, 2001~.
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, and the most recent compilations of annual oil and gas royalties and tax revenue from state lands in Alaska, California, and Wyoming alone exceed $2 billion.8 Sidebar 1-5 illustrates the benefits of reuse of old data for industry and residents of the northeastern United States and Canada. Given all these benefits, why don't independent oil and gas companies maintain their own geoscience data and collections repositories?
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From page 18... ...
Gas injection: Carbon dioxide CO2 reduces crude oil viscosity, mixes with and swells the crude oil plus provides a gas drive, all of which increases oil recovery to recover incremental oil left after waterflooding. Hydrocarbon miscible Injected fluid that is miscible with crude oil (e.g., methane)
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From page 19... ...
For example, core and seismic data have been used to improve evaluation of earthquake hazards in urban areas (for the Los Angeles Basin see Sidebar 1-3~. TABLE 1-2 Users and Beneficiaries of Geoscience Data Users and Beneficiaries of Geoscience Data and Collections Civil engineers Climate researchers Construction industry personnel Defense industry personnel Educators and students Emergency preparedness personnel Environmental engineers and scientists Farmers and ranchers Foresters Hydrologists Insurance industry International commodity traders Landowners and home-use owners Lawyers Oceanographers State and federal policy makers, regulators, and agencies The energy industry The minerals industry Urban planners SOURCE: Responses to committee questionnaire (Appendix B)
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From page 20... ...
Another example of unanticipated use comes from ice cores. Sampling techniques developed years after some cores were taken have allowed climate researchers to examine changes in the carbon dioxide (CO2)
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