For Greener Skies Reducing Environmental Impacts of Aviation (2002) / Chapter Skim
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1. Contemporary Realities of Aviation, the Economy, and the Environment
1. Contemporary Realities of Aviation, the Economy, and the Environment
Pages 7-14
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From page 7... ...
Objections to noise are preventing the expansion of some airports and are constraining operations, and noise is most frequently cited by officials at the nation's 50 busiest airports as their major environmental concern (see Figure 1-l) .1 Aviation provides significant national benefits to the United Statesas an engine of commerce and social interaction, transporting people and goods rapidly and safely on diverse missions all over the world as a vigorous sector of the economy that provides direct economic benefits by generating jobs and exports in the design and manufacture of engines, airframes, and avionics used by airlines, airports, and associated industries It is clearly in the best interests of the United States and other nations that their aviation industries grow and prosper at the same time that aviation's impacts on the environment are reduced.
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From page 8... ...
The present report offers recommendations intended to increase the effectiveness of that agenda and the associated research efforts. 1 airport: none applicable 2% 29 airports: noise 58% ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND ITS CONSEQUENCES The adverse environmental effects of jet aircraft are primarily a consequence of the combustion of petroleum.
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From page 9... ...
In 1999, all transportation sectors combined accounted for approximately 22 percent of energy consumption. Jet fuel accounted for approximately 13 percent of the transportation total, with automotive gasoline accounting for 66 percent and diesel fuel oil accounting for 20 percent.
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From page 10... ...
. Limitations on growth associated with environmental concerns and airport and airway capacity, however, may prevent the air transportation system from meeting future demand.
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From page 11... ...
standards that many nations, including the United States, subsequently adopt as national standards. Because of advanced technology, the perceived noise level produced by new commercial jet aircraft of a given size has been reduced by about 10 dB since the 1960s, which is equivalent to reducing annoyance by roughly a factor of 2 (FAA, 1997~.
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From page 12... ...
To ensure that regulations protect the public without unnecessarily constraining the availability of air transportation services, the federal government must also support research to develop a comprehensive perspective on the environmental effects of aviation and how they can be mitigated or accommodated. TABLE 1-3 Perceived Priorities of Consumers and Industry FOR GREENER SKIES: REDUCING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF AVIATION INDUSTRY RESPONSES AND RESPONSIBILITIES Regulatory and economic incentives are too small and the technical challenges too large for industry acting alone to eliminate the environmental effects of growth in air travel.
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From page 13... ...
When future supersonic aircraft enter service they may need to meet the same community noise standards as subsonic aircraft. Also, Federal Aviation Regulations prohibit commercial supersonic aircraft from producing a sonic boom over land.
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From page 14... ...
In collaboration with other stakeholders (such as manufacturers, airlines, airport authorities, local governments, nongovernmental organizations, and foreign regulatory bodies and researchers) , NASA and the FAA should support research to resolve uncertainties in the following areas: · long-term atmospheric effects of aircraft emissions locally, regionally, and globally reliable goals for noise and emissions reductions for each phase of flight the optimum long-term strategy for improving the understanding of the many specific issues, including economic factors, associated with aircraft noise and emissions Economic analyses must form a key element in much of the research in the above areas because economic incentives for providers and users of air transportation equipment and services are likely to be a key component of a successful longterm strategy.
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