The Dynamics of Disability Measuring and Monitoring Disability for Social Security Programs (2002) / Chapter Skim
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In the past, people entering me programs were more likely to be over 50 years of age iSSDI is an insurance program that provides payments to persons with disabilities based on their having been covered previously under the Social Security program. SSI is a meanstested income assistance program for disabled, blind, and aged persons who have limited income and resources regardless of their prior participation in the labor force.
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) and of its research plan for the redesign of the disability decision process.
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The committee's review of the NSHA and the research plan for the redesign of the disability decision process represent two separate areas of study. For the most part, therefore, they are discussed separately in this report.
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as the inability to engage in any substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment that can be expected to result in death or that has lasted, or is expected to last, for a continuous period of not less than 12 months. An individual's physical and mental impairments must be of such severity that he or she not only is unable to do the previous work but cannot, given the person's age, education, and work experience, engage in any other kind of substantial gainful work that exists in the national economy, regardless of whether such work exists in the local area, or whether a specific job vacancy exists, or whether the person would be hired if he or she applied for work.
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Resources and changing policy needs may dictate many of the system's design features and selection of the design options and might include · sponsoring surveys at frequent intervals based on self-report data from a reduced set of disability measures; · funding additional survey questions, suitable for estimation of the size of the population eligible for disability benefits, as part of, or supplement to, an ongoing household survey; · conducting longitudinal data collection; · forming a partnership with other ongoing surveys; · linking survey information with administrative databases; and · conducting ad hoc special studies on specific emerging policy issues and to explore other questions that do not need continuing ?
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The committee suggests a phased three-year planning period staffing in 2003. Also, SSA should establish a continuing, external group of technical expeffsfor the planning and implementation of the recommended disability monitoring system.
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Issues Associated with Survey Measurement of Disability The experience to date with NSHA and other similar surveys indicates that measurement issues related to work disabilities are complex. The complexity stems, in part, from differences in conceptual models of the enablement-disablement process and alternative interpretations of the various conceptual models.
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It is, therefore, critical that SSA update the comprehensive database regularly. Improving the Disability Decision Process The goal of SSA's research plan to redesign the disability decision process was to devise a more efficient and more accurate method for making timely determinations of disability for Social Security claimants.
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Baseline Evaluative Criteria Regardless of whether SSA attempts to redesign and develop a new disability decision process or leaves the current process in place and makes changes within the individual components of the sequential process, it needs to establish measurable criteria for assessing the current process. Data should be analyzed in the context of the established criteria in order to identify the nature of the problems in the current process.
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As part of the initiative to redesign the decision process, SSA included in its redesign research plan an evaluation of the effect of vocational factors age, education, and work experience on the ability to work or adapt to work in the presence of functional impairment. A review of existing knowledge concerning vocational factors and their impact on the ability to perform jobs in the national economy raised challenging questions about the continuing validity of the approach taken by SSA's existing regulations.
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Such research includes research on the measurement of work disability in a survey context, evaluation of the role of the environment and vocational factors in determining work disability, evaluation of functional capacity of applicants for disability benefits, and testing decision process models that emphasize rehabilitation and return to work. The committee emphasizes that without the infusion of new resources, in terms both of dollars and recruitment of qualified researchers, such research cannot be accomplished.
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The committee believes that the blueprint for action that it recommendsfor developing and implementing a disability monitoring system for Social Security programs, and for needed research relating to improving the disability decision process, will contnbute toward a significantly improved and efficient system of measuring and monitoring work disability that will better inform public policy and serve the public. This blueprint is worthy offull funding and adequate staffing support by both the Congress and the executive branch of the government.
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Part I REVIEW AND RECOMMENDATIONS 7
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