Animal Biotechnology Science-Based Concerns (2002) / Chapter Skim
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Glossary
Glossary
Pages 149-157
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From page 149... ...
A disease of cattle, related to scrapie of sheep, also know as "mad cow disease." It is hypothesized to be caused by a prion, or small protein, which alters the structure of a normal brain protein, resulting in destruction of brain neural tissue.
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From page 150... ...
that, when present in a control region, usually suppresses expression of the corresponding gene. CJD or Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease A disease of humans hypothesized to be caused by a prion, or small protein, which alters the structure of a normal brain protein, resulting in destruction of brain neural tissue.
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Fibroblast A type of relatively undifferentiated cell found in many parts of the body involved primarily in wound healing. Fibroblasts are relatively easy to grow in cell culture, and often are used for this purpose.
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Helper, or packaging, cells Cells engineered to express retrovirus packaging proteins to produce retroviruses capable of infecting cells when the packaging genes have been deleted from the retrovirus genome. Such cells are widely used for the production of retrovirus vectors.
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Knockin Replacement of a gene by a mutant version of the same gene using homologous recombination. Knockout Inactivation of a gene by homologous recombination following transfection with a suitable DNA construct.
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Pleiotropy A phenomenon whereby a particular gene affects multiple traits. Polycations Large, positively-charged molecules often used to mediate transfection by reducing charge repulsion between DNA and the cell membrane.
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leads to the production of progeny virus particles. Retrovirus vectors Vector constructs in which the internal genes of a retrovirus are replaced by the gene of interest, flanked by the viral LTRs and packaging signals.
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Smoltification The process through which a juvenile salmon becomes physiologically ready to enter salt water within its migratory life history. Somatic cells Cells of body tissues other than the germline.
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From page 157... ...
Vector A type of DNA, such as a plasmid or phage that is self-replicating and that can be used to transfer DNA segments among host cells. Also, an insect or other organism that provides a means of dispersal for a disease or parasite.
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