Modeling and Simulation in Manufacturing and Defense Acquisition Pathways to Success (2002) / Chapter Skim
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2 Modeling and Simulation in Defense Acquisition
2 Modeling and Simulation in Defense Acquisition
Pages 29-46
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From page 29... ...
Before digital computers and networking technology, analysts mathematically modeled the effect that new or improved defense systems would have on warfighting capability, engineers built physical models of systems, and testers simulated combat in field tests and exercises. In the 1 960s, as computing capabilities increased, the task of modeling and simulating both the design and performance of defense systems moved increasingly toward digital representations and algorithms implemented in computer software.
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From page 30... ...
study panel characterized the convergence of activities between these two communities the defense simulation and the product modeling, design, and manufacturing communities- as distributed simulation-based acquisition (DSBA) and suggested that this concept had the potential to revolutionize the defense acquisition process (NRAC, 1994~.
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From page 31... ...
A collaborative acquisition process, making extensive use of advanced M&S technology, exercised in a modified defense culture is the end state desired by DOD. The SBA concept is broad, encompassing not only product development and manufacturing, but also simulations to estimate system performance and mission effectiveness, combat training, the underlying technical information needed to train system operators, the product modeling and manufacturing processes of the commercial enterprises that support defense acquisition, simulations to support maintenance training, technical information used by maintainers, logistics simulations to relate support plans and resources to readiness, and simulations to address system disposal issues.
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From page 32... ...
The SBATF's objectives were to develop representations of architectures needed to establish SBA environments, identify technical challenges, identify primary ownership of each module in the systems architecture, identify investments needed by government and industry, list DOD actions needed to develop the SBA concept, and identify industry actions needed to accelerate the SBA concept. The SBATF made extensive recommendations in the areas of management, architecture, policy and legislation, and education and training.
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From page 33... ...
This plan included constructive simulation to support concept studies and beyond, virtual simulation to support concept demonstration and beyond, as well as live simulation to support demonstration and validation for the following acquisition milestones: concept demonstration approval, development approval, production approval, and major modification approval (see Figure 2-23. Most of the M&S investment was focused on the threedimensional product model for the purpose of supporting engineering design.
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From page 34... ...
Joint Strike Fighter Program Both the government program manager and the system contractor, Lockheed Martin, have used M&S in the Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) program.
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From page 35... ...
~ ~ ...,. ~ .,.~., We~ sorry ~n'~ ~ S - Ah - ~ ,Adf 'ERIC IF¢6gra Wr~ff= ~5~ 6, ver'~m ~ Figure 2-3 Planned applications of M&S in the system design and development phase for the Joint Strike Fighter.
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From page 36... ...
36 Future Programs MODELING AND SIMULATIONIN MANUFACTURING The Future Combat Systems (FCS) Program plans a comprehensive approach to the use of M&S in analyzing requirements, supporting design, and supporting test and evaluation (Purdy, 20011.
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From page 37... ...
Reports from program office principals and from the DOD acquisition and M&S communities indicate that the important ongoing efforts to develop M&S technology and standards are achieving success on a broad front, but that there is an important shortfall in the application of M&S to the defense acquisition life cycle and to the engineering of systems within the defense acquisition life cycle. improvements are also needed in the culture associated with the use of M&S in manufacturing and acquisition.
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From page 38... ...
Needfor an Integrated Systems Engineering Process Currently, there is no broadly accepted definition of an integrated systems engineering process for the development of software-intensive systems. To overcome this barrier, DOD has assigned the Software Engineering Institute and the National Defense Industrial Association's s Available at |
From page 39... ...
Obstacles to Collaboration Increased collaboration between government and industry has been recommended by numerous studies as an essential element of the success of SBA. Specific technical requirements recommended for achieving this objective include distributed information repositories with search access, collaboration mechanisms, and security and access control mechanisms for shared data (Ho]
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From page 40... ...
Although academic researchers may be more interested in the narrower issues relating to their own disciplines, it is important that the SBA vision, requirements, and opportunities for involvement be more widely disseminated. Education and Training Information technology is facing exponential growth as a field, with a corresponding increase in training materials, courses, and certificates in hardware design, network administration, and programming.
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From page 41... ...
Although numerous efforts have been made by DOD and professional organizations (e.g., the Military Operations Research Society) to formulate guidelines that address this issue (Pace and Glasow, 1999)
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From page 42... ...
Other common themes were the need to foster cooperation and collaboration between government and industry and the need to promote information sharing. Specifics included the need to leverage commercial practices for DOD applications, the need to use collaboration technologies effectively, and the need to provide industry with government M&S technologies.
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From page 43... ...
Several studies recommended the development of architectures or frameworks that would promote collaboration and the reuse of models and simulations. Recommendations ranged from general collaborative environment architectures to specific product data representation structures and model and information repositories.
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The studies noted that positive measures of expected returns on M&S investments are needed to motivate DOD organizations and program managers to make the required investments. They suggested standard metrics related to improvements in cost, schedule, and performance, as well as some additional quantified benefits.
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From page 45... ...
CONCLUSIONS The use of M&S in defense acquisition predates digital computers and network technologies. However, with the rapid advances in these areas, opportunities for collaboration in the development of defense systems have been created.
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From page 46... ...
property rights, poor information dissemination on SEA to the broader M&S community, and insufficient education and training for the workforce. This committee's review of lO government-or industry-sponsored studies since 1994 on the subject of M&S use in system acquisition revealed 5 genera]
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