Integrity in Scientific Research Creating an Environment That Promotes Responsible Conduct (2002) / Chapter Skim
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4 Institutional Approaches to Fostering Integrity in Research
4 Institutional Approaches to Fostering Integrity in Research
Pages 72-83
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From page 72... ...
they implement policies and procedures that delineate the normative practices of responsible research and establish criteria for rewards and recognition; and they develop processes to evaluate and enforce institutional behavior.2 In addition, organizations engage in activities that help establish an internal climate and organizational culture that are either supportive of or ambivalent toward the responsible conduct of research.3 These various approaches are not mutually exclusive, however, nor should they be. A number of programs and activities, integrated across the various levels of an organization, should be in place in order to maximize the impact on the research environment and to support the responsible conduct of research.
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From page 73... ...
Assessment Strategy Common components of regulatory frameworks include the specification of certain procedures and reporting requirements, the collection of data, and the preparation of reports of compliance practices. The regulatory approach also involves a governmental unit that maintains oversight of the compliance and reporting procedures, investigates complaints
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From page 74... ...
Individual research centers frequently have some latitude and discretion in adapting government requirements to their own needs, and the centers are responsible for designating specific officials who will ensure that faculty, trainees, and administrative staff understand the importance of the regulations. A regulatory framework fosters a collective and consistent response to social concerns by a broad array of research institutions, and it highlights best practices.
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From page 75... ...
at the request of Congress reviewed the burden of regulations across five key areas, including research integrity. The report identified four problems that were present in all the areas: rigid regulations that dictate process often limit flexibility without enhancing results; rules imposed by multiple agencies have inconsistent requirements; regulation of science by nonscience agencies often leads to additional and nonproductive regulatory burden; and poor communication exists among federal agencies and research institutions (NIH, 1999~.
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From page 76... ...
A performance-based approach provides a direct role for research institutions and research team leaders in fostering norms for faculty, research staff, trainees, and students within diverse research settings. The development of a performance-based model would require institutions to formulate a coherent statement of goals that describes the principles of integrity in research that they wish to encourage.
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From page 77... ...
(OHRP, 2002~. This voluntary program is intended to help institutions prepare for and successfully achieve accreditation of their human research protection programs by private accrediting agencies.
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Such goals can be flexible and consistent with the diverse institutional cultures of different research centers. Rewards, incentives, and penalties offer valuable educational resources in that they can be used to demonstrate the types of conduct that research institutions do and do not encourage.
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From page 79... ...
Such self-assessments may include evaluations of aspects of certification or institutional assurance of compliance with professional standards within a broader organizational context; this practice is frequently used in the accreditation of professional schools and departments, as well as of educational institutions. This approach is described in detail in Chapter 6.
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From page 80... ...
Strengths The mission statements of accreditation bodies frequently assert that their role is to promote academic quality through formal recognition of the importance of compliance with professional standards and to advance the process of self-regulation (see, for example, the mission statement of the Council for Higher Education Accreditation [CHEA, 2001~. Institutional self-assessment and accreditation procedures can be powerful influences in the shaping of professional behavior within a selfregulatory system.
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From page 81... ...
Although benchmarks are not yet available to support performance monitoring in the area of research integrity, they could be developed through educational programs and consensus building efforts. The adoption of a performance-based approach enables institutions to move beyond procedural compliance mechanisms as a self-regulatory device (e.g., certifying that they have adopted certain policies, procedures, and educational training efforts)
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From page 82... ...
2001. Breaking the camel's back: Multicenter clinical trials and local institutional review boards.
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From page 83... ...
1995. The AQC Baldrige Report: Lessons Learned by Nine Colleges and Universities Undertaking Self-Study with the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award Criteria.
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