New Frontiers in the Solar System An Integrated Exploration Strategy (2003) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
8 Recommended Flight Investigations and Supporting Ground-Based Activities: 2003-2013
8 Recommended Flight Investigations and Supporting Ground-Based Activities: 2003-2013
Pages 189-210
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 189... ...
For example' it would make little sense to have as ~ firm privily ~ flight mission or ground-based system that was awaiting some long-~rm technical development or for which no flight or budgetary opportunity existed, no mater how high He scientific merit was rend. I>DElIL YING PllOGllAMhIATIC llEQUIllEMENTS So far, priorities have been discussed in relationship to either scientific questions or speeif~e projects.
|
From page 190... ...
Because of the positive experience with Discovery md also because of NASA's recent success in competing ~ outer solar system mission in the New Frontiers cost category, the SSE Survey strongly endorse the New Frontiers initiative. These spacecraft should he competitively procured and should have flights every ~ or 3 years' with the total mat capped at approximately twice that of ~ Discovery mission.
|
From page 191... ...
Since Base same centers may also wish to compete' particularly for large missions, the tenors will face ~ conflict of ingress when deciding whether to make such unique services available to their competitors. The SSE Survey recommend an early study to find ways to nvoitl the potentially adverse consequence of c~nBi~ of interest relating to' for example, Ned to unique expertise and infrnstru~ure nt NASA centers' DEFINITION OF MISSION COST CLASSES In the discussion of mission priorities thy follows, The SSE Survey, ~ NASA,s explicit request' divided missions into classes on the basis of ar~ticipa~d tom mission cost to completion But without extension)
|
From page 192... ...
As the examples Died above indicate' the productivity arid effectiveness of mission extensions in solar system exploration are unquestionable arid con~itu~ ~ importers part of ~e Surveys in~gra~d spongy. The SSE Survey support NASAL current Senior lleview proms for deciding the scientific merits of n propped minion extension and recommends that early planning he (lone to provide nileqante funding of mission extensions' particularly Flagship missions nnil missions with international partners+ PIlIOllITIZED FLIGHT MISSIONS FOR THE DECADE 2003-2013 The mission concepts proposed by He SSE Surveyor panels I see Part One)
|
From page 193... ...
The rationale for the SSE Surveys prioritization within ~e Mars Exploration Program, which places ~ high priority on art early Mars Sample Return mission' is Dewed separately below. The final prioritized lid of flightmission ear~dida~s is shown Tile ~ A
|
From page 194... ...
$~l ~ Cassini Extended x xx xxx xxx xxx MA Kuiper Belt-Pluto Explorer xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx ~ ~ South Pole-Aitker~ Basir~Sample Retum xx xx xxx xxx xx 3 3 Jupiter Polar Orbiter with Probes xx xxx xxx xxx x Venus Ir~Situ Explorer x xxx xxx xxx x ~ Comet Surfed Sample Return xxx xxx xxx xxx Argo ~ Europa Geophysical Explorer xxx xxx xxx xxx MARS FLI ~ HT lYlISSI O NS (beyond 2005) $~l hears Scout line x xx xxx xxx xxx ~ Mars Upper Atmosphere Orbiter x xx xxx xxx xx Mom hears Skiers L~or~ory x xx xxx xxx x ~ Mars Lor~g-Lived Lander Network xx xxx xxx xxx x Argo hears Sample Retum DISCOVERY FLI AT IVIISSI O NS Oral launch every ~ ~ months xxx xxx xxx xxx NOTE: Skiers Ad te~olo~ evalu~ior~ bomb: xxx' high; xx' medium; x' mown.
|
From page 195... ...
. The Comet Surface Sample lleturn (CASH)
|
From page 196... ...
Galileo md Cassini-Huygens provide good examples in this respect md the SSE Survey recommends that NASA engage prospective international partners in the planning and implementation of the Europa Geophysical Explorer+ llelative Priorities Between Mission Cat Calves The S SE Survey did not exempt to prioritize across mission cost classes so thy flexibility is preserved in order to address opportunities in the ~ua1 budget eyelet The opportunities to mount large~lass missions are very limited, md if ~ lower-cost mission em be woommoda~d in ~ new budget eyele, it should not be thwarted by requirement to wait for ~ opportunity to initiate ~ more expensive mission. Luther than compete large-ela~ minions with missions in other cost Moses, the SiSE Survey recommends flying large-c~s minions at an appropriate frequency (i+e+' roughly one per deadest independent of the issues facing new starts in other cost 1+ Since large-class missions represent ~ enormous investment md generally require ~ decade of study to mature in concept md design, the SSE Survey recommends that NASiA establish ~ procedure for reevaluating the candidate list of large~l=s minions for the decade 2013-2023+ Two possible men for this procedure include (1)
|
From page 197... ...
Deferred High-Priority Missiom The prioritization process forces the SSE Survey to defer what would otherwise be excellent high-privily missions wormy of flight. Box 8.1 lisp mission concepts that are among the highest-r~ked by the SSE Surveys panels, but that did not make He final recommended priority list for He coming decade.
|
From page 198... ...
Table 8.l above contains the prioritized list of missions for the future Mars Exploration program, md Table 8.2 indigens ~ possible mission sequence for their implementation. lle~m~nded arm Missions Mars Sample Deem Observations by robotic orbiters md landers Cone are not likely to provide ~ unambiguous answer to He mod important questions regarding hears: whether life ever shred on ~~ planet, what the climate history of He plmet was' md why Mars evolved so differently from Earth.
|
From page 199... ...
Mars Scim~ ~oram~y The Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) is ~ important mission Song the paw of ``Seek' in situ, md sample.' The science goals are to fondue detailed in situ investigations of ~ site that is ~ wa~r-modified environment identified from orbital dam.
|
From page 200... ...
The missions-of-opportunity element of the Scout program is also imported as it allows for p~icip~ion in foreign Mars missions. The SSE Survey strongly reco~en~ that the Mars Exploration Program commit equally ns strongly to the Scout program ns to sample retum+ While Mars sample-return missions will be expensive md consuming of the ideation of the MEP, Mere are sufficient resources in Me program as currently structured to achieve both ~ viable Se out program md sample return.
|
From page 201... ...
The SSE Survey believes ~~ sufficientresourees exist in the Mars Exploration Program to achieve the highest-privily mission identified by this md over panels (COMPLEX, MEPAG' md so on) while maintaining ~ flexible md dimovery-driven program of Mars exploration.
|
From page 202... ...
To focus technology development on the most impor~t needs for He next decade' He SSE Survey identified He most enabling technologies for key in~rplmetary spacecraft subsystems power' propulsion' eommunie~ion, architecture' avionics' md inshumentation md for plenary surface exploration envy in situ systems' surface mobility, communications' md Earth-return systems (Table 8.3~. The two most-eons~ained resources in the current generation of plme~ry spaceport are onboard power Id propulsion.
|
From page 203... ...
The key requirement for Ending systems are autonomous entry, descent heard avoidance, md precision lading systems. Once on He surface' sample gathering md analysis become key technologies' with attendant requiremen~ for new surface science instrument' including biological measurements, md mems for moving about plmet on, above, md below He surface.
|
From page 204... ...
Technologies will ~ required to meet Case requirements while reducing the costs to do so. l\Ii~ion-Spembe Technologies In addition to the generic technologies decried above arid summarized in Table 8.3, mission-sp~ific technologies are required for the flight missions selected for this decade.
|
From page 205... ...
Examples of missions following naturally in Me next decade from those recommended in this decade' md which are enabled or enhanced by NEP' include ~ Neptune Orbiter carrying Neptune atmospheric probes md Triton surface probes, ~ Tim Explorer mission carrying ~ aerial vehicle md landers for Titm, md ~ Saturn fling Observer for maneuvering above Saturnts ring plane. The addition of aeroeapture technology to these missions will yield ~ combination of enhanced capabilities, reduced launch vehicle requirements mdior reduced in-space propulsion system requirement.
|
From page 206... ...
The SSE Survey recommend that the planetary rear facilities' the Infrared Telescope facility and NASA support for planetary oh~ervations at large facilities such ~ Kent he continued and upgraded Us appmpriate' for ~ long ~ they provide significant scientific return andlor provide mission-eriti~l service+ The recent so-called Augustine report urged that NASA md NSF collaborate in astronomy in order to coordinate Heir efforts md produce He best science for the nations investment.3 In particular' ~~ reportts second recommendation urged the federal government < |
From page 207... ...
astronomy arid astrophysics decada1 surveys In the spirit of the Augustine reports second recommendation' the SSE Survey recommends that NASA partner equally with the National Science Foundation to design' huild' and operate ~ survey facility, such the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) described in Astronomy ~d Ast~phys'cs 'n He New M',I,Ienn'F'm, too ensure that LSST,~ prime solar system objective are accomplished+ The particular perry objectives of LSST are as follows: ~ ~~rmine the conches arid nature of the Kuiper Belt to provide scientific context for the targeting of spacecraft missions to explore this new region of the solar sys~m; ~ Assess the population of near-E~h object (NEOs)
|
From page 208... ...
clearly has the eapabili~ to make major contributions as long as it is provided win We capability to back moving targets. The SSE Survey recommends that ~pahilities particular to planetary science (erg+' the need to tram non-sidere~l object he incorporated into the Awns WeLh Sipace Telescope ~ fully ~ pmsible in order to maximize the science retime
|
From page 209... ...
6. Board ore Physics Id Askor~omy Id Span Studies Board' N~ior~1 Research Councils Astronomy a~Astroph~ t~ ~e N Mod N~ior~1 Academy Press' Washir~or~' Dead.> 2001.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.