Materials and Man's Needs Materials Science and Engineering -- Volume IV, Aspects of Materials Technology Abroad (1975) / Chapter Skim
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Introduction
Introduction
Pages 1-6
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and other advanced countries in various industrial sectors can prove an extremely frustrating exercise and one which often leads to inconclusive results. The whole subject is so enmeshed with widely disparate parameters such as geography, cultural heritages, living styles, political systems, national objectives, and natural resources, that hard, critical comparisons of the means adopted by different countries to enhance their technologies are extremely difficult to make.
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The priorities and tactics adopted by a country during the early stages, characterized by increasing growth rates, are likely to be very different from those of a country in the later stages which are characterized by decreasing growth rates. With these cautions in mind, we will endeavour to review some of the approaches taken by various countries to enhance technology, an aim that has been common to most industrially-advanced nations since World War II.
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The time varies considerably, depending on a complex mix of factors including: corporate technical alertness and capability, the climate for capital investment, consumer attitudes, and government actions. But in spite of the complexity, it has been found that the di ffusion patterns for technology-in various countries display remarkably similar behavior, although with varying time spans, for highly diverse products, materials, and processes.
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and West Germany, whose behavior was and is nearly identical, demonstrate the effect of the delay in technology diffusion caused by heavy investment in an existing technology and a slightly more conservative investment policy."' "Knowing very little about the underlying facts in the recent advances in the USSR steel industry, one can only speculate about the significant time delay in the USSR substitution. Could it be that a lack of first-hand knowledge of the technical operating characteristics of BOF plants delayed the substitution for five to ten years?
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L PLASTICS Natural rubber Synthetic 58 1955 Natural fibers Synthetic 58 1969 Natural leather Synthetic 57 1957 Hardwood residence floors Plastic 25 1966 Various boat hulls Plastic 20 1966 Natural tire fibers Synthetic 17.5 1948 Metal car bodies Plastic 16 1981 II.
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