Down to Earth Geographic Information for Sustainable Development in Africa (2002) / Chapter Skim
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5 Geographic Data for Sustainable Development I: Framework Data
5 Geographic Data for Sustainable Development I: Framework Data
Pages 52-78
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These countries are creating a digital geographically referenced land-cover database, the Multipurpose Ahicover Database for Environmental Resources (FAG, 2002~. Funding for the project is Tom the Italian and U.S.
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Geographic Information Activities in Africa 53 TABLE 3-1 A Summary of Applications of Geographic Data by Collaborative Research Support Programs (CRSPs) l Participating Applications of Geographic Data African Nations Mali, Niger, Chad Soil and rainfall monitoring; tracking Burkina Faso, population and crop density to ensure proper Senegal, Ghana, food distribution, educating farmers to Nigeria increase production Senegal, Drought, insect, and disease monitoring to Tanzania, Malawi, improve crop yields Egypt, Jordan, Malawi, Nigeria, Zimbabwe Ghana, Senegal, Simulation of crop systems to improve Benin, Angola, production efficiency and natural resource Botswana, management; monitoring nitrogen levels in Malawi, Burkina soil Faso Ethiopia, Uganda, Livestock monitoring; monitoring the effects Tanzania, Kenya, of production on the environment; natural Eritrea resource conservation and management Rwanda, Kenya, Identification and monitoring of constraints to Egypt aquaculture; tracking physical, chemical, and biological processes of aquatic ecosystems Mali, Senegal, Research and education programs to manage Ghana, Uganda, plant diseases and pests; development of Kenya, Ethiopia, Africa IPM Link for information exchange and Zimbabwe and electronic communication Mali/ Enhancing decision-making capacity (by West Africa providing appropriate data, information, tools and methods of analysis)
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From page 54... ...
Featured Activities Among the prominent, internationally supported centers in the region is AGRHYMET in Niamey, Niger. AGRHYMET uses remotely sensed data and maps to address natural resource management and food security issues for the nine West Afiican member states of the Permanent Interstate Committee to Combat Drought in the Sahel/Comite Permanent Inter-Etats de Lutte Contre la Secheresse dans le Sahel (CILSS)
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at the University of Cocody in Abidjan Division of Water Resources (Gambia) Water resources National Environment Agency (NEA)
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Geographic data illuminate most of the human and environmental issues in East Africa. Table 3-3 lists some of the organizations and programs that use geographic data in this region.
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African Highlands Initiative Natural resource management; agriculture (AHI) GlobalInternationalWaters Water resources; environmental problems and threats to transboundary Assessment (GIWA)
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, and social and operational needs of member countries (now totaling 25 African countries) have resulted in re-focusing of RCMRD's programs to address natural resource development ant!
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monitors nutrition and livestock health, and the food security of people in East Africa. It applies integrated remotely sensed weather data, point-based biophysical modeling, and geographic data on animal and vegetation distribution to serve decision-makers at many levels.
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60 DOWN TO EARTH TABLE 3-4 Southern African Organizations, Programs, and Activities Using Geographic Data Organization Applications of Geographic Data African Wildlife Foundation Wildlife conservation; habitat protection; landscape ecology; community-based natural resource management Miombo Network Land-use and land-cover change detection Okavango Wildlife Society Wildlife and ecological management Program for Regional Information Natural resource management Sharing and Management on Environment and Sustainable Development (PRISMES) , World Bank Community Based Natural Resource Ecosystem management; wildlife Management (CBNRM)
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This chapter highlights some of the applications of geographic data to environmental ant! clevelopmental challenges.
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information use is becoming as important to African countries as the building of roads, telecommunications networks, and the provision of other basic services... The rationale for investing in information infrastructure is analogous to that for physical infrastructure: the provision of many other services is contingent upon their existence.
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In the United States in 1990 the Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) was created to develop a strategy for an NSDI.
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The barriers that hamper other countries from adopting a formal SDI include a lack of prominent SDI champions in influential positions and declines in fending for SDI-related projects. Components of a Spatial Data Infrastructure An SD} comprises standards, framework foundation data, framework thematic and other geographic data, metadata, clearinghouses, and partnerships.
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Geological Survey (US(~. the purpose oaths project is to remove technical obstacles to sharing earth observation data.
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ElS-Africa serves as a pool of expertise, technical resources, and a knowledge base for assisting African governments and civil society to meet their priority needs for information on the environment, natural resources, and sustainable development. Numerous workshops and conferences, including the Africa-GIS series (which began in 1993)
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, Cubewerx (Canada) , ESRI, Federal Geographic Data Committee, Intergraph, ionic Software (Belgium)
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geodetic control, (2) digital elevation and bathymetry, and (3)
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~ . ~ Women Ponulation Distribution ~ digital Ortho-Rectified Imagery: /Digital Elevation / Bathymetry ~ ~ Geodetic Control Other Thematic Data Framework Thematic Data Framework Foundation Data FIGURE 4-1 (React from the bottom to the top.)
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Geographically referenced, standardized census data that can be linked to other layers of geographic data are required to meet national development needs. Progress toward Agenda 21 goals is impeded by the lack of reliable data on human population distribution.
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Metadata help people know that data exist; how, when, or why the data were produced; and where the data reside. For example, when making important landmanagement decisions, it is helpful to know where to find the needed geographic data (Table 1-1)
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geographic data with standardized metadata. Second, they allow access to raw digital data and allow standardized access to geographic data through file-transfer-protocolS directories and online data streaming services.
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This system uses FGDC metadata standards and related software and supports discovery of geographic data in South Africa and in the greater southern Africa region. The CEOS Information Locator System, built by the International Committee on Earth Observation Satellites, enables users in developing countries to gain access to Earth observation information.
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Facilitating the Use of Geographic Data 75 that meet the needs for geographic data transfer and information dissemination are vital Prepublicatior' Version: Subject to Further Editorial Charges
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~ Or Decision-Makers I Geographic \: Information FIGURE 4-2 Ways that geographic data and information may be transferred from NSDI or GSDI clearinghouses to African decision-makers. Prepu6lication Version: Subject to Further Editorial Changes
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At these venues neonie can access geographic data and information in villages and . · ~ participate in technology training to address local development needs.
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With policy reform and regulator change African countries could become globally competitive in e-commerce, especially in services (ECA, 2001~. Other organizations are developing and improving telecommunications infrastructure in Africa.
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