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Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids (2005) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix M: Nitrogen Balance Studies Used to Estimate the Protein Requirements in Adults
Pages 1250-1258

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From page 1250...
... M Nitrogen Balance Studies Used to Estimate the Protein Requirements in Adults TABLE M-1 Nitrogen Balance Studies Used to Estimate the Protein Requirements in Adults Reference Country Study Typea Agarwal et al., 1984 India Primary estimation Atinmo et al., 1988b Nigeria Primary estimation Bourges and Lopez-Castro, Mexico Primary estimation 1982 Cheng et al., 1978 Chile Primary estimation + test Clark et al., 1972 United States Primary estimation Dutra de Oliveira and Brazil Primary estimation Vannucchi, 1984 Egana et al., 1992 Chile Primary estimation Egun and Atinmo, 1993b Nigeria Primary estimation Fajardo et al., 1981 Columbia Primary estimation Hussein, 1984 Egypt Primary estimation Inoue et al., 1981 Japan Primary estimation Istfan et al., 1983b United States Primary estimation Kaneko et al., 1988 Japan Primary estimation Ozalp et al., 1984a Turkey Primary estimation Scrimshaw et al., 1983 United States Primary estimation Thomas et al., 1979 United States Primary estimation Tontisirin et al., 1981b Thailand Primary estimation Uauy et al., 1978b United States Primary estimation Yanez et al., 1982 Chile Primary estimation Young et al., 1984 United States Primary estimation 1250
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From page 1251...
... APPENDIX M 1251 Subjects Age (y) Protein Source 6 men, 5 women 25­39 Vegetable: rice, wheat 15 men 19­21 Mixed: beef, rice 11 men 15­30 Animal: milk + vegetable: corn, beans 14 men 23­29 Mixed: milk, wheat, soy 60­73 5 men, 1 woman 22­26 Mixed: milk, wheat, rice 9 men 18­28 Vegetable: rice, beans 14 men 18­31 Animal: egg + vegetable: lupin 12 women 21­32 Mixed: rice, wheat, beef 12 men, 2 women 21­26 Mixed: meat, wheat, potatoes + vegetable: rice, beans, potatoes 8 women 18­27 Mixed 21 men 19­28 Animal: fish + vegetable: soy + mixed: fish, soy 8 men 18­21 Vegetable: soy 12 women 18­24 Mixed 11 men 19­26 Mixed: wheat, yogurt 22 men 18­23 Animal: milk + vegetable: soy 7 women 18­23 Vegetable: cottonseed 13 men 19­27 Animal: egg 7 men, 7 women 68­84 Animal: egg 15 men 20­31 Mixed: wheat, milk + animal: egg 15 men 20s Animal: egg + vegetable: soy continued
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From page 1252...
... 1252 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES TABLE M-1 Continued Reference Country Study Typea Huang and Lin, 1982 China Secondary estimation Inoue et al., 1973 Japan Secondary estimation Kaneko and Koike, 1985 Japan Secondary estimation + energy Komatsu et al., 1983 Japan Secondary estimation Wayler et al., 1983 United States Secondary estimation Xuecun et al., 1984 China Secondary estimation Young et al., 1973 United States Secondary estimation Young et al., 1975 United States Secondary estimation Zanni et al., 1979 United States Secondary estimation + obligatory Atinmo et al., 1985 Nigeria Obligatory Bodwell et al., 1979 United States Obligatory Bricker and Smith, 1951 United States Obligatory Calloway and Margen, 1971 United States Obligatory Huang et al., 1972 China Obligatory Inoue et al., 1974 Obligatory Nicol and Phillips, 1976a Nigeria Obligatory Scrimshaw et al., 1972 United States Obligatory Scrimshaw et al., 1976 United States Obligatory Tontisirin et al., 1981a Thailand Obligatory Uauy et al., 1978a United States Obligatory Uauy et al., 1982 Chile Obligatory + energy Young and Scrimshaw, 1968 United States Obligatory Atinmo et al., 1988a Nigeria Test Bourges et al., 1984 Mexico Test Campbell et al., 1994 United States Test Castaneda et al., 1995 United States Test Dutra de Oliveira et al., 1981 Brazil Test Egun and Atinmo, 1993a Nigeria Test Gersovitz et al., 1982 United States Test Istfan et al., 1983a United States Test Nicol and Phillips, 1976b Nigeria Test Oddoye and Margen, 1979 United States Test Ozalp et al., 1984b Turkey Test Ozalp et al., 1984c Turkey Test Tontisirin et al., 1984 Thailand Test Uauy et al., 1984 Chile Test Xuecun et al., 1984 China Test Yanez and Uauy, 1984 Chile Test Young et al., 1984 United States Test a Primary estimation = studies designed to estimate requirement by feeding a number of individuals several different intake levels; test = studies not designed to estimate requirement, usually involving long experimental periods for a single level; energy = studies designed to study the effects of varying energy intake; secondary estimation =
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From page 1253...
... 34 men 18­26 Animal: beef + animal: milk + mixed: beef, soy 10 men 26­41 Mixed: rice, wheat, pork, egg 19 men 18­28 Animal: egg 15 men 18­24 Animal: beef + vegetable: wheat 6 men 63­77 Animal: egg white 15 men 19­39 13 men, 11 women 19­52 25 women 19­30 13 men 21­37 50 men 20­32 9 men Young 9 men 21­30 83 men 18­26 11 women 67­91 4 men 21­25 8 men 68­72 8 men 24­31 8 men 17­22 12 men 22­29 Mixed: beef, rice 20 men 19­25 Vegetable: corn, beans 8 men, 4 women 56­80 Mixed: milk, egg, vegetable 12 women 66­79 Mixed: milk, vegetable 14 men 17­26 Mixed: rice, beans, meat, milk 11 women 21­30 Mixed: rice, wheat, beef 7 men, 8 women 70­99 Animal: egg 6 men 18­26 Vegetable: soy 17 men 21­30 Vegetable: rice 12 men 23­30 Animal: egg + mixed: egg, soy 49 men 19­30 Mixed: wheat, yogurt 15 men 19­28 Mixed: wheat, yogurt 12 men 19­26 Mixed: rice, fish 53 men 18­19 Mixed: wheat, rice, milk 6 men 24­45 Mixed: rice, wheat, pork, egg 8 men 19­33 Mixed: wheat, rice, milk 32 men 20s Animal: egg + vegetable: soy studies that present only mean data or studied different individuals at each intake level; obligatory = studies that examined responses to zero or very low nitrogen intake. SOURCE: Adapted from Rand et al.
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From page 1254...
... In: Rand WM, Uauy R, Scrimshaw NS, eds. Protein-Energy Requirement Studies in Developing Countries: Results of International Research.
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From page 1255...
... In: Rand WM, Uauy R, Scrimshaw NS, eds. Protein-Energy Requirement Studies in Developing Countries: Results of International Research.
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From page 1256...
... In: Rand WM, Uauy R, Scrimshaw NS, eds. Protein-Energy Requirement Studies in Developing Countries: Results of International Research.
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From page 1257...
... In: Rand WM, Uauy R, Scrimshaw NS, eds. Protein-Energy Requirement Studies in Developing Countries: Results of International Research.
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Key Terms

  • nitrogen balance
  • nitrogen losses
  • obligatory urinary
  • human protein
  • balance studies

  • fecal nitrogen
  • male adults
  • protein intake
  • nitrogen balances
  • balance response

  • factorial estimation
  • protein energy
  • balance study
  • egg protein
  • mixed diet

  • adult males
  • energy intake
  • isolated soy
  • comparative nitrogen
  • mexican rural

  • faecal nitrogen
  • dietary protein
  • graded levels
  • nitrogen intake
  • protein requirement

  • thai males
  • rural diet
  • endogenous nitrogen
  • intake levels
  • chilean mixed


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