Frontiers of Engineering Reports on Leading-Edge Engineering from the 2001 NAE Symposium on Frontiers of Engineering (2002) / Chapter Skim
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Toward Micromechanical Flyers
Toward Micromechanical Flyers
Pages 21-30
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From page 21... ...
. Rotary or flapping wings provide hovering capability but drastically increase power requirements.
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The extra power of flapping flight greatly improves maneuverability. Perhaps surprisingly, small, subcentimeter flyers may turn out to be easier to construct than larger flyers, not because the aerodynamics are easier, but because the actuator power density increases with higher operating frequencies.
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ROTARY AND FLAPPING WING MICROFLYERS Based on our macroscale experience, we assume that a rotary wing device with fixed angle of attack would be easier to fabricate than a beating wing device. We are right to a point.
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Flapping wings can change the direction of applied torques in a wing beat, potentially improving maneuverability. A mock-up of the Berkeley micromechanical flying insect (MFI)
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or other arbitrary kinematics. Strain gauges are used to measure instantaneous wing forces, and the integral of forces around a closed wing beat cycle can be measured to determine net flight forces.
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Source: Reprinted with permission from Bryan Christie (Dickinson, 2001~. THORAX DESIGN We know that insect flight at the centimeter scale requires both large stroke amplitude and large wing rotation (Dickinson et al., 1999~.
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Two stages of mechanical amplification using planar fourbars bring the output motion at DC to 50 degrees. Separate actuators drive the leading and trailing edges of a differential assembly, as shown in Figure 8a,b.
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Taking our inspiration from real insects and our tools from MEMS, we will work on integrating optical flow and gyroscopic sensing on the MFI to control attitude and bring the device closer to its first free flight. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Berkeley MFI research summarized here is supported by the Office of Naval Research, DARPA, and the National Science Foundation.
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From page 29... ...
2001. Towards flapping wing control for a micromechanical flying insect.
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