Frontiers of Engineering Reports on Leading-Edge Engineering from the 2001 NAE Symposium on Frontiers of Engineering (2002) / Chapter Skim
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Interdependencies in Civil Infrastructure Systems
Interdependencies in Civil Infrastructure Systems
Pages 47-56
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From page 47... ...
Information systems are already being integrated into infrastructure operations to exploit new technologies, compensate for capacity limitations, address regulatory changes, increase efficiency, and protect against natural, accidental, and deliberate threats. Integrated information-infrastructure systems drive traffic signals and variable message signs on roadways and bridges, monitor potable water quality at treatment plants, pump water and wastewater, and activate switches in telecommunications systems that command transportation and water networks.
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From page 48... ...
Prompted by the Oklahoma City bombing in 1995 and the 1996 Defense Science Board Task Force on Information Warfare, PDD-63 was the culmination of a 15-month study by the President's Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection, which revealed the rapidly growing capability of exploiting energy, banking and finance, transportation, vital human services (water, wastewater, and health services) , and telecommunications infrastructures, especially through digital infrastructures (PDD-63, 1998~.
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From page 49... ...
As an example of the cost, two pager companies that did not have backup systems in place lost $5.8 million. Indirect and intangible costs included lost credit card sales, missed market trades, inability to contact doctors and emergency medical services, and many others.
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From page 50... ...
Much remains to be done to develop models and merge individual models of coupled systems, including formalizing theories and conceptual frameworks for meta-infrastructure systems to support them. Although new methods and tools for individual infrastructure system models have been evolving, fewer attempts have been made, and even fewer successes attained, at modeling metainfrastructure systems.
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From page 51... ...
model of an economy comprised of spatially separated markets interconnected by a generalized transportation network. Each infrastructure model is conceptually extended to capture interdependencies using a multilayer network of SCGE models with interlayer coupling constraints.
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From page 52... ...
A beneficial example of resource sharing would be a hydropower facility and drinking water plant that use and reuse the same river flow to generate their respective services. In fact, the chief of the Bureau of Reclamation recently stated that to use water stored by 457 dams in the western United States as efficiently as possible water should be passed through the dams multiple times for recreation, power generation, and irrigation (WaterTech Online, 2001~.
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From page 53... ...
In addition, scheduling decisions must also consider (1) what quantity of raw water from which source is subject to water rights and quantity and quality constraints, given variable pumping costs; (2)
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From page 54... ...
To meet the exigencies of our greatly changed world, we must rethink and reengineer infrastructure systems life cycles to serve their original purposes under new conditions, such as globalization, deregulation, telecommunications intensity, and increased customer requirements. We must make sure information system interdependencies contribute to solutions and do not exacerbate, or even become, the problem.
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From page 55... ...
1998. The Clinton Administration's Policy on Critical Infrastructure Protection: Presidential Decision Directive 63.
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