Information Technology and Manufacturing: A Preliminary Report on Research Needs (1993) / Chapter Skim
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2 Integrated Product and Process Design
2 Integrated Product and Process Design
Pages 11-20
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From page 11... ...
To enable the designer to overcome these challenges, the information age integrated product and process design environment must help the designer to link product design and manufacturing to an unprecedented extent with minimal use of physical prototypes or construction aids. Specific capabilities hardly possible today include the ability to 6 · Create a concept of a product and make extensive simulations of its behavior without specifying all of its details; 1 1
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From page 12... ...
In the design environment envisioned for 2010, the designer will be able to specify products in terms of function and performance directly in function-relevant parameters, such as the load capacity and life of the bearing or the allowed vibration frequencies and minimum fatigue resistance of the shaft. Design by function is now possible only in a few domains, such as application-specific integrated circuits.5 Research is needed to address the following design-by-function needs:6 · Support of functional descriptions in rough conceptual terms; · The ability to simulate meaningful behavior at the conceptual level; · The ability to predict performance or production problems with conceptual-leve' information; · Methods for decomposing functions {i.e., a top-level description of what a product should do} and subfunctions (the next level down} and mapping those subfunctions onto system and subsystem elements (i.e., deciding what physical parts of the product will accomplish them)
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From page 13... ...
13 TABLE 2.1 Prociuct and Process Design Subject Area Example of Research Needed Design by function Product-process data model Capture of nominal and variant behavior of products and processes in one model Design methods and tools for groups of parts and systems Process description languages and models i ... Novel design considerations Relation of geometry to function Functional simulation Data descriptions for many physical processes and entities in a unified form Descriptions of design interactions, analyses, and process steps integrated with product geometry and function descriptions A mathematics of variation for performance modeling Descriptions of product function and variants directly related to descriptions of geometric or material variations Decomposition methods to break product concepts into subsystems Subassembly performance models and interface descriptions for joining subassemblies to each other Assembly planning Decision aids Geometric reasoning Knowledge and information management Set of process primitives from which process models can be built Languages with syntax checking for formal correctness and logical completeness of process descriptions Easy, error-free configuration control at the selling or servicing stage Economical build-to-order in lot sizes as low as one Manufacturing of a robust final product from parts obtained from different sources Data visualization Database searching using geometric features, performance criteria, or process descriptions Intelligent advisors Visualization tools Systems that capture corporate memory and knowledge Systems that support corporate learning Techniques for handling data legacy issues Systems that record design history and rationale
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From page 14... ...
will have the following capabilities: · Describe function, mode! variations, and families of the product; · Describe information on which process models can work; · Represent performance, geometry, and process requirements in ways that are readable by design tools and practitioners in the allied domains of process equipment design and shop floor planning and operations, as well as by designers in other companies or in other technical domains; · Capture input as the product realization process proceeds so that the process can be improved; and · Contain systematic ways of relating function to geometry; for example, it may be feature-based.9 Data models should be capable of representing the product or component from many different views at different stages of design, manufacture, and use.
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From page 15... ...
The envisioned design environment will support a process description that enables the designer to characterize the performance of a process {the efficiency or time of a design process, the quality of a production shop} so that he or she can compare sources, select the right shop to make a particular item, name the right team to do a certain design, and select the right algorithm to do a certain calculation. The process description should be dynamically modifiable so that adjustments can be made as the product realization process proceeds and tolerances can be reduced as processes are improved.
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From page 16... ...
parameters. To produce such models, research is needed on process mode' representation schemata (both aggregate and detailed} and on-line data collection.'2 ,.t Novel Design Considerations The envisioned design environment will support product design aspects that are not often associated with design at all, such as designing so that configuration control at the selling or servicing stage will be easy and error-free, build-to-order in lot sizes of one will be economical, or a robust final product can be made from parts obtained from different sources.
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From page 17... ...
The envisioned design environment will include a number of data management methods and tools. First, at the simplest level, the design environment will include ways to capture corporate memory and knowledge so that successors of current designers can tell what knowledge was used, what competitive methods were used, what errors were made, and on what factors success was based.
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From page 18... ...
Thus an error detected during functional simulation, for instance, may cause a change to the logic design, which in turn invalidates derived fault, timing, and place and wire views of the logic. A change made to one view may also require re-execution of additional processes, such as design rule checking.
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From page 19... ...
56-57. It recommends research on tolerance analysis, tolerance representations, tolerance-performance relationships, and tolerance standards and measurement methods.
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From page 20... ...
It posed the following research questions that must be resolved before concurrent design and rapid prototyping become integrated into industrial practice: How can design and manufacturing information be reused in future products? and How can the compatibility of new incremental information with all the previously acquired information be ensured?
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