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Appendix B: Non-Lethal Weapons Technology Table
Pages 119-147

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From page 119...
... ~ B Non-Lethal Weapons Technology Table The Committee for an Assessment of Non-Lethal Weapons Science and Technology undertook a survey and assessment of non-lethal weapons technologies as described in Sections 2.1 and 3.2. Table B.1 provides a consolidated presentation of that effort.
From page 120...
... Infrasound devices AC(~CSTIC/OPTICAL Flash bang Flash bang delivery systems XM84 acoustic/optical stun grenade 66-mm vehicle-launched non-lethal grenade Multisensory distraction device FIa:sl1 Some animal studies available on the effects of low-frequency sound on animals' behavior and task performance. Research apparently abandoned.
From page 121...
... Human Effects ~ ~ — m ~ ~ v, E u' Cal Currently not funded. Probably safe if sound level X X X X is low enough not to cause a permanent threshold shift in hearing.
From page 122...
... CHEMICALS/MATERIALS . ~ TECHNOLOGIES At:: Obscurants Smokes ~ ~-If in Acquisiti Available for procurement with sophisticated delivery methods.
From page 123...
... Programs underway at Probably safe for use X X Sandia and elsewhere. against humans.
From page 124...
... ., Malodorants (e.g., scatole, mercaptans) Calmatives Calmative agent sponge projectile Riot; control agents Stepper spray (OC)
From page 125...
... X X X X Hazard depends on dosage. X X X X Hazard depends on dosage and type of casing.
From page 126...
... . Rigid polyurethane foam Sticky foams Sticky thermoplastic foam Underwater sticky foam Stabilized aqueous foam Contaminating abrasives Microfibers M,croencapsulation Appropriate in specific circumstances for local security measures; deemed not to be used on personnel directly due to potentially lethal effect (blocking respiration)
From page 127...
... Human effects unknown. Found to be safe for human X X X use.
From page 128...
... E;LECTRICALS Pulsed current Sticky shocker Stun guns Taser mine Capacitive discharge device for stopping vehicles in highspeed pursuit; test successful and more effective than HPM. Wireless projectile based on stun gun technology, barbs attach to clothing, High-voltage pulses incapacitate, range 10 m.
From page 129...
... Human effects not totally X X X known. Hazard depends on power used.
From page 130...
... tested moderately; initial results variable, but continued study underway to continue assessment for vehicle stopping. GVS tested (considered high risk somewhat confusing reproducibility in different vehicles)
From page 131...
... Hazard depends on power used. Probably safe for use on humans.
From page 132...
... . Consumes large amount of reactants per second; requires special material handling capabilities.
From page 133...
... JFC. Hazard depends on X X power used.
From page 134...
... Available if effective. Idea to "paint" perimeter warning lines on water around ship with a scanning laser.
From page 135...
... Low-level radiation is eye- X safe. Human effects unknown.
From page 136...
... carriers Webshot nets Entanglement grenade Nets at sea Underwater deployable nets Materials such as concertina wire effective; increased barrier capability when used with other materials such as foams. Projectile-delivered antipersonnel net; range 30 m.
From page 137...
... X X X X Probably safe for human use. X X Hazard of the casing needs X X study.
From page 138...
... Program halted despite positive results. Coast Guard tests underway.
From page 139...
... Human effects not totally X X X known. Can be hazardous at X X X close range.
From page 140...
... Good for imaging through walls; available for procurement; short-pulse radar able to detect heartbeat and breathing through walls. New, inexpensive miniature transponders can improve shortrange motion sensing, distance measurements, mine detection, explosives diagnostics, bridge inspection, and security measures; short-pulse radar able to detect heartbeat and breathing through walls.
From page 141...
... Hazard depends on munition X X X used.
From page 142...
... TECHNOLOGIES TO DELIVER NLWs Weapon systems to deliver materials Mortars, grenade launchers, smoke generators Combustible mortar: testing underway; 81-mm mortar: testing underway; reducing integrity of shell to reduce lethality; effective over 25 m2. NEW launcher Launcher for NEW with variable velocity correlated with rangefinder to adjust exit velocity to distance of target.
From page 143...
... Pre-Milestone A. Hazard depends on munition X X used.
From page 144...
... Minnow Torpedoes Mines (JAVs NEW dispenser drone Unmanned powered parafoil Pioneer remotely piloted vehicle Munition dropped upstream from hydroelectric plant enters penstock to disable power plant; claim of estimate of 14-day disruption to make repairs (seems to be unreasonably short)
From page 145...
... JFC. ., s X X Hazard depends on munition used.
From page 146...
... Research ongoing, studying decentralized control of cooperative robots to carry out tasks such as communication relay, navigation, searching, and intrusion detection. Prototype demonstrated as potential sensor or weapons platform.
From page 147...
... X X X Hazard depends on intensity. Probably safe for use with humans.


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