The Future of the Public's Health in the 21st Century (2003) / Chapter Skim
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Index A ABS Immunization Calendar program, 336337 Academia, xvi-xvii, 15-18, 29, 32-33, 358395 see also Professional education; Schools of public health academic health centers, 239, 250-251, 252 accreditation, 360-361, 368 assessment efforts, 364, 374, 378 Association of Schools of Public Health, 122, 360-361, 394 attitudes, research on 200, 392-393 CDC support, 16-17, 99, 368, 371-372, 373, 381, 382-386, 390-392 community-level efforts, 359, 363, 372, 373-374, 375, 377-381, 386-395 community public health degrees, 361 competency-based learning, 33, 363, 419, 422, 437 Council on Linkages between Academia and Public Health Practice, 5, 9, 118, 120, 161 credentialing, 122, 359, 364 curricula, 15, 117, 121, 125-126, 418, 419, 422(n.9) , 423 defined, 359 475 doctorate of public health, 360, 361 epidemiology, 374-375 financing, 16, 111, 367-374, 395 health care delivery system, cooperative efforts, 5, 6, 155-158, 250-251, 360, 365, 375, 381 interdisciplinary approaches, 16, 235, 360, 362, 363-367, 371, 372, 376 international cooperation, 166, 358 leadership training, 5-6, 16, 389, 393 mass media, use of, 324, 388 master of public health degree, 360, 361, 365, 366, 367, 372 obesity prevention, 81-82, 375-376 partnerships, 5, 6, 119, 120, 250-251, 358, 360, 364, 365, 372, 377, 378, 379, 380, 388-392, 394 policy development, 374, 388, 419 population studies and interventions, 360, 375, 376-377 practice scholarship, 393-395 preventive medicine and health promotion, 16, 17, 361, 364, 365, 375 public health agency/delivery system collaboration, 5, 6, 155-158, 250251, 360, 365, 375, 381 public health worker training partnerships, 119, 120
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476 racial/ethnic issues, 358, 362, 372, 419 rural areas, 250, 376 safety-net providers, 219 service, 373-374, 387-395 service learning, 373-374, 391-392 wages of faculty and staff, 361, 365-366 Access to services, 22, 24, 25, 32, 212, 213220 see also Health insurance; Managed care organizations; Outreach; Safetynet services community health centers, 153-154, 215, 219 community-level collaborations, 192, 451 federal guarantees, 168 hospitals, 63 minorities, 63, 222-223, 233 obesity, 81 population-level studies and interventions, 71 public health agency/delivery system collaboration, 244, 257 public transportation, 36 race/ethnicity, 62-63 social connectedness, 65 socioeconomic status, 233, 239 transportation, 36, 238 Accidents and injuries, 20-21 community-level collaborations, 192, 198, 253 seat belts, xv, 73-74, 240 teen driving behavior, 386 uninsured, emergency care, 217-218 workplace, 276, 277, 284-288 Accountability, xiv, 4, 7, 33, 34, 101, 444 Department of Health and Human Resources funding, 115, 150 emergency preparedness, 147 federal agency organization, 163 local government, 415 public health agencies, 413 public health leadership and, 121-122 Accreditation of institutions hospitals, 157 public health agencies, 9, 155, 156, 157158 schools of public health, 360-361, 368 Administration for Children and Families, 114 Administration on Aging, 114 INDEX Adolescents, 187, 451, 458 see also School-based interventions Advocates for Youth, 328 alcohol abuse, 278 diabetes management, 386 employment, 203 immunizations, 223 parental expectations and teen behaviors, 386 smoking, 321 teenage pregnancy, 203, 340 Advertising, 307-308, 323-324, 337 alcoholic beverages, 76 community-based collaborations, 196, 197 media advocacy, 338 population-level studies and interventions, 76 professional education, 240 public service announcements, 15, 319324 social marketing, 14, 117, 125, 201, 282, 299, 319, 326, 333-338 tobacco, 76, 196 Advocacy AIDS, 310 committee study at hand, methodology, xtv community-level collaborations, 190, 192, 202, 255, 458 diet, 340 media, 338-341 obesity, 81 public health infrastructure, 100 public health worker training, 117 Advocates for Youth, 328 African Americans, 61, 62 community-level collaboration, 190, 191, 197-198, 444-449 digital divide, 331 -332 health care professionals of African American origin, 235 health insurance coverage and preventive care, 222-223 infant morality, 20, 21 oral disease, 230 poverty, 63 religious influences, 190, 191, 194 Age factors, xii see also Adolescents; Children; Elderly persons; Longevity AIDS, media coverage, 309
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, 446, 447-449, 452, 456-457 employees, health promotion programs, 279-280, 281-283 of health care professionals, 5, 6, 366 health officials, 7, 113, 150, 163 industrial pollution control, 290 local level, 7, 8, 11, 141-142 mass media interventions, 321, 324-327, 345-347 peer review, 16, 27, 382, 383, 385, 388, 393 professional education, 366-367 public health agencies, general, 141-143, 156-157 public health laboratories, 8, 140 public health worker training, 119, 430 system-wide, 7, 99 Assessment Protocol for Excellence in Public Health, 156, 406 Association of Health Care Journalists, 316317 Association of Public Health Laboratories, 130, 137, 138 Association of Schools of Public Affairs and Administration, 361 Association of Schools of Public Health (ASPH)
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478 Assurance, 8, 22, 83, 98, 114, 411, 412, 413-414 academic research, 374 accreditation of public health agencies, 157 environmental safety, 116 privacy, 136 safety-net services, 257 uninsured persons, 154, 247 Asthma 54, 56, 62, 63, 128, 218, 234, 239, 286, 386, 446 Attitudes and beliefs academic research, 200, 392-393 AIDS discrimination, 310 alcohol and substance abuse, 228 community-level collaborations, 184, 193, 194, 200 companies, public opinion, 298 crime, public opinion, 311 employees, 282 health belief model, 342 health care system decisionmakers, 24 industrial pollution, 291 institutional and organizational, 17 mass media, 307-308, 310, 313-315, 317, 318, 322, 333 minority physicians, 236 oral diseases, 229 parental expectations and teen behaviors, 386 political, 417 professional education, 373-374, 420 public health agency/delivery system collaboration, 244 research methodology, 347 smoking, 76 uninsured persons, 216 B Behavioral risk factors, 21, 24, 39, 50, 57, 275 see also Accidents and injuries; Alcohol abuse; Obesity; Preventive interventions and health promotion; Smoking; Substance abuse academic research, 374, 375, 377 chronic conditions, general, 234 community-level collaborations, 186, 189, 191, 196-198 INDEX counseling, 81, 102, 105, 196, 222, 223, 224, 234, 274, 282, 458 employees, 275-281 (passim) health insurance and, 218 mass media, 307-308 race/ethnicity and, 61 social connectedness, 65 socioeconomic status, 60 Biostatistics, 105, 116, 316, 360, 372, 419 Bioterrorism, 1, 3, 7, 21, 27, 40, 234 anthrax, 96, 106, 124, 142, 247, 317318 assessment, 141-143 CDC response, 124, 134, 143-144, 145 DHHS, 124, 143 diagnosis, 96, 218 Enhanced Surveillance Project, 131 funding for preparedness, 7, 26-27, 137138, 139, 140, 144-147 health insurance coverage, 218 information/communication systems, 3, 99-100, 124, 132-133, 134, 142 local public health agencies, 96, 137138, 139, 140, 141-147, 160 mass media, 142, 317-318 physician reports, 247, 248 public health agency response, 96, 100, 137-138, 139, 140, 141-147 state law reform, 106, 107 Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Initiative, 143 Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Program, 143 Birth defects, 21, 55 Black persons, see African Americans Block grants, 150-152, 228-229, 245, 444 Body mass index, 48-50 Bureau of Health Professions, 371 California Public Employees Retirement System, 272 Cancer breast, 197-198 diagnosis and screening, 197-198, 224, 240, 274 international efforts, 20-21 National Cancer Institute, 276 oral, 230 racial/ethnic disparities in treatment, 231
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, 381, 382-386, 390-391 professional education, 12, 16-17, 368, 371, 373, 374, 423 479 public health laboratories, 137, 138, 140 public health worker training research agenda, 9, 161 smoking, 74 state law reform, 106-107 surveillance, 128, 129, 131-133, 140, 248, 249-250 toxic substances, 55 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, 114 public health agency/delivery system collaboration, 245 Centers for Prevention Research, 99 Centers for Public Health Preparedness, 100, 394 Centers, Institutes, and Offices (CIO-CDC) , 381, 382 Certified Health Education Specialist, 122 C
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480 defined, 232 demographic factors, general, 35 disabled persons, 215,232 educational attainment and, 21,59 elderly persons, 35,232-236 health care delivery system, 212,229, 231,232-234,236-237 health insurance, 214,216,234-235, 240 historical perspectives, xii, 79 managed care, 240 National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 100 nursing shortages, 236-237 oral diseases and, 229 quality of care, general, 232-234 surveillance, 128,130 Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments, 137 Coalitions, see Community partnerships, coalitions, and collaboration; Partnerships, coalitions, and collaboration Cognitive theory, 343-344 Collaboration, see Partnerships, coalitions, and collaboration Colleges and universities, see Academia Communication, xiii, xiv, 4,6,10,15,34, 37,131-134 see also Information systems; Internet; Mass media bioterrorism response, 3,99-100,124, 132-133,134,142,144 CDC, technological innovation, 128, 131-133,134,136 community-level, 11, 14,184,189,299300 corporate/community, 299-300 Health Alert Network, 99-100,124, 132-133,134,143,144,146 health care delivery system, 213 health officials' role, 6,124,125,132, 135,168 infrastructure costs, 136,139,243,256 local public health agencies, 134,143, 159-160 National Information Infrastructure, 134-135 partnerships, 6,34,392 professional training, 123-126,367 schools of public health, 132,333 INDEX standards, 39,130,132,139,144,242243 technical assistance, 139,242-244,307 technological innovations, 35,37-38, 39,131-133,134,136 Community and Migrant Health Centers, 111 Community-based factors and interventions, xv-xvi,2,11, 22,178-204 see also Community partnerships, coalitions, and collaboration; Local factors academia, 359,363,372,373-374,375, 377-381,386-395 academic health centers, 239,250-251, 252 access to services, 192,451 accidents and injuries, 192,198,253 African Americans, 190, 191, 197-198, 444-449 Asians, 457-460 assessment, 11, 184,186,187-189,191, 194,196-197,198-201,202-203, 297,406-409 (passim) , 446,447449,452,456-457 children, 187,386,444,458 committee study at hand, methodology, 441 communication, 11, 14,184,189,299300 community health centers, 153-154, 215,219,251 definitional issues, 160-161, 178-180, 387,394 demonstration projects, 13,204,253 determinants of health, 179,188,447448,456,457 ecological models, 51-53,68-71 employer/business role, 13,187,188, 193,201,203,253-254,255, 268,290,292-300 entertainment media, 327 environmental factors, 54,186,187, 188,192-196,386 epidemiology, 200-201 essential services, 32,33,160,161,179, 185,460 ethical issues, 200-201 funding, 11, 183,201,203,204,253, 254,444,449,454,456,457 globalization and, 180 governance, 184-186
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, 409-410 Community Health Status Indicators Project, 332-333 481 Community partnerships, coalitions, and collaboration, xi, 33, 34, 99, 142, 180, 181-182, 183, 185, 187, 204, 254, 255, 299, 377, 378, 379, 387, 388-391, 394, 441, 444-460 see also School-based interventions advertising, 196, 197 advocacy, 190, 192, 202, 255, 458 African Americans, 190, 191, 197-198, 444-449 Asians, 457-460 attitudes affecting, 184, 193, 194, 200 behavioral risk factors, 186, 189, 191, 196-198 cardiovascular disease, 188, 191 CDC role, 188, 386, 390-391 chronic conditions, 193-194, 444, 449 crime, 70, 71, 180, 339-340, 445, 447, 458 cultural factors, 194-195, 197, 198, 200, 204, 458-459 diagnosis and screening, 197-198 elderly persons, 187, 458 employers and businesses, 187, 188, 193, 201, 203, 253-254, 255, 268, 290, 292-300 environmental health factors, 54, 186, 187, 188, 192-196, 386 epidemiology, 200-201 exercise, physical, 187, 188, 191, 194, 197 federal role, general, 11, 188, 203 food and nutrition, 187, 188, 191, 194, 197, 458 gender factors, 183-184, 191, 197-198, 446-447, 458 health insurance, 254, 458 health officials' role, 179, 181, 272-273, 298 health workers, 191-192, 194, 427 Hispanics, 457-460 HIV/AIDS, 183-184, 444, 449, 458 information systems, 184, 189 Internet, 189 language factors, 178, 180 leadership, 11, 196, 201, 204, 254, 292, 293, 297-298, 389, 393 local public health agencies, 181, 185186, 187, 191-192, 202, 203, 204, 408, 454, 458, 459-460
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Competencies of health workers, 15, 100101, 154, 418, 422, 423-440 see also Credentialing academia's responsibilities, 33, 363, 419, 422, 437 accounting, 425 bioterrorism/emergency response, 426427, 428 child care, 433-434 communication skills, 126, 417 community-level health, 191-192, 194, 427 computer applications, 433 INDEX core, 7, 120, 125, 363, 372, 424, 425426, 432, 435, 437 cultural, 36, 125-126, 192, 194,212,236 emergency response, 143 epidemiology, 329-430 essential services, 5, 116, 422 multidisciplinary, 122-123, 235 training, competency-based, 5, 16, 33, 116-120, 122, 125-127, 143, 363, 366, 393-394, 422 Computer applications, 117 see also Information systems; Internet competencies of health care workers, 433 diagnoses, 249 diffusion theory, 367 educational materials, computer generated, 336 employee training programs, 293 health care settings lacking, 242 medical records, standards, 242-243 National Health Information Infrastructure, xii, 7, 134 - 136, 244 personal computer use, 7, 307, 333 physician orders, 242, 253 professional education, 367, 424 Confidentiality, see Privacy and confidentiality Congress see also Legislation bioterrorism, 143, 144, 317 CDC investigator-initiated funding, 385 community health centers, 154 DHHS budget, 113 fragmentation of services, 112 Homeland Security Department, 143(n.13) immunization programs, 149 information infrastructure, 7, 134, 136 international health activities, 165, 166 National Health Information Infrastructure, 7, 136 National Public Health Council, 10, 169 prevention research, 16 public health education funding, 16 safety belts, 73 workforce preparedness funding, 5, 120 Congress of National Black Churches, 190 Continuing education, 15, 120, 251, 358, 361, 367, 371, 372, 373, 419, 422, 454
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483 state public health agency infrastructure, 144 substance abuse, 228, 229, 276, 278 underinsured persons, 218 Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists, 130, 139 Council on Linkages between Academia and Public Health Practice, 5, 9, 118, 120, 161 Counseling, 81, 102, 105, 196, 222, 223, 224, 234, 274, 282, 458 Coverage of the Quality of Care A Resource Guide for Journalists, 317 Credentialing, 372, 454 see also Accreditation of institutions academic programs, 122, 359, 364 Certified Health Education Specialist, 122 Graduate Certificate Program, 371 public health workers, 6, 122-123, 158 Crime and violence, 54, 180, 253 community-based interventions, 70, 71, 180, 339-340, 445, 447, 458 mass media, 311, 328-329, 345 public opinion, 311 Crossing the Quality Chasm, 212, 213, 231, 233-234, 235, 240, 242 Cultivation theory of mass media, 344 Cultural factors, 23, 39, 40, 62 see also Immigrants; Language factors; Race/ethnicity; Social factors academic research, 374, 390 community defined, 178-179, 180 community-level collaborations, 194195, 197, 198, 200, 204, 458459 faith community, 179, 181, 190, 191, 194, 355, 454 health worker competency, 36, 125-126, 192, 194, 212, 236 institutional, 24, 195, 202 mass media, 318, 334-335 obesity, 76, 81, 82 professional education, 118, 125, 180, 194, 233, 236, 362, 367, 372, 374, 458 religious influences, 190, 191, 454
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, 6, 7, 111-115 see also Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; National Institutes of Health accreditation, institutions, 9, 158 Administration for Children and Families, 114 Administration on Aging, 114 Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 112 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 112, 117, 118, 132, 163 bioterrorism response, 124, 143 budget, 113 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, 114, 245 communication training, 125 community health centers, 153-154 INDEX Corporate Investment in Health Award, 14 demographic disparities in care, 233 dietary guidelines, 79, 80 Food and Drug Administration, 56, 112, 114, 163 Health Resources and Services Administration, 5, 16, 112 international efforts, 115, 165, 166 Internet interactive communications, 329, 332 local governments, cooperation with, 112, 167-168 mass media relations, 317-318 National Committee on Vital and Health Statistics, 7, 135, 136, 143, 244 National Health Information Infrastructure, xii, 7, 134-136, 244 National Institutes of Health, reporting to, 387 National Public Health Council, 10-11, 169 oral health, insurance coverage, 229 organizational factors, 9- 10, 112- 115, 161-166, 168, 318 performance standards, 160 professional education, 118, 119, 120, 366-367, 368, 374 public health agency/delivery system collaboration, 245 public health financing, 147 public health function, general, 98, 112, 150-151 public health laboratories, 7, 8, 140 Public Health Service, 112, 113, 114 regionalization, 162, 168 regulatory authorities of agencies, 9-10, 113-114, 164-165, 169 state government relations with, 10-11, 112, 167-169 Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 112 surveillance, 113, 128 Department of Homeland Security, 143(n.13) Department of Justice, 167 Department of State, 38 Agency for International Development, 165
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, 360, 361 Drugs, see Alcohol abuse; Pharmaceuticals; Substance abuse E Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment (EPSDT) program, 224-225, 226 Ecological models, xv, 6, 37, 51, 53, 68-71, 196 Economic factors, 21, 24-25 see also Costs and cost-benefit factors; Employers and businesses; Funding competency requirements, 428, 431, 432 globalization, 38-41, 180, 362, 430 health determinant models, 57, 403-405 health-related expenditures, 20, 213, 215, 232, 255-256, 422 incentives and disincentives, 23, 32, 75, 104, 155, 213, 222, 233, 241 National Health Information Infrastructure, 136 pharmaceuticals, intellectual property, 165 professional training, 362 public service announcements, 320, 321, 323-324 university students, 15, 16 Education, see Academia; Professional education; Public education Educational attainment, 57, 58, 69 chronic diseases, 21, 59 quality of care, 231 Elderly persons, 35-36, 234 see also Medicare Administration on Aging, 114 chronic conditions, 35, 232-236
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community-level collaborations, 186, 187, 188, 192-196, 386 competencies of health workers, 329 ecological models, 51-53, 68-71 health determinant models, 57, 403-405 housing, 36, 54, 60, 252, 255, 445 immigration and, 39 industrial pollution, 289-290, 291 infectious diseases, 51 National Center for Environmental Health, 10, 163 National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences, 163, 386 occupational health and safety poor persons, 54, 60 preventive measures, 25-26, 377 public health worker training, 117, 118, 159 quality of care, 231 sanitation, 20, 22, 48, 51, 54, 60, 362 telecommunications infrastructure, 135 water quality, 60, 114, 180, 190, 193 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
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INDEX Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists, 130,139 local public health agencies, 144 National Center for Health Statistics, 114,368 National Committee on Vital and Health Statistics, 7,135,136, 143,244 National Longitudinal Mortality Study, 58,67 professional training, 118,129,365, 372,374-375 public health laboratories, 136,140 social connectedness, 64 socioeconomic status, 57,58 state public health agencies, 144,146 toxic substances, 55-56 unemployment, 67 Epi-X, 143,144 Essential public health services, xi-xii, xv, 5, 7,8,9,10,27,31,32,98,150, 161,413,421,422,460 see also Community partnerships, coalitions, and collaboration; Diagnosis and screening; Monitoring; Partnerships, coalitions, and collaboration; Professional education; Public education academia, 363 accreditation of public health agencies, 157 business and employers, 81 communications, 123,125 community-level efforts, 32,33,160, 161,179,185,460 expenditures related to, 148 federal government, direct delivery, 111 federal us state responsibilities, 168,413 financial implications, 152-153 health care delivery system, 214,246 incentives, 169 information systems, 136 infrastructure necessary, 148,149,154, 155 model public health law, 106 public workforce, 115,117,120,122 state governance structures, 110 Ethical issues, 22 see also Privacy and confidentiality community-level efforts, 200-201 487 competencies of health workers, 430 genomics, 37 indigent care, 416 professional education, 116 Ethnicity, see Race/ethnicity European Institute for Health and Medical Sciences, 39 Evaluation, see Assessment Evidence-based policy, xii, xvii, 8,9,34,46, 80,83,113,169,231 chronic conditions, 234 communications, 15,34 community-level, 14 employer-provided health insurance, 274 funding decisions, 27 health insurers, 12,81 multiple health determinants, 33 occupational safety and health, 14,285 standard treatment and prevention procedures, 272 workplace, 14,285 Exercise, 78,79,80-82,222 community-level collaborations, 187, 188,191,194,197 competencies of health care workers, 438-439 employees, 275,279 school physical education programs, 79, 188,194 Eyesight, see Visual perception F Faith community, 179,181,190,191,194, 355, 454 Family Medical Leave Act, 288 Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety Act, 284 Federal Communication Commission (FCC) , 15,320,322-323 Federal Emergency Response Act, 124 Federal Employees Health Benefits Program, 215 Federal government see also Congress; Funding; Legislation; specific departments and agencies community-level efforts, 11, 188,203 essential health care services, 111, 168, 413 health insurance, 12,215,219
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, 160 public health agency/delivery system collaboration, 245 public health laboratories, 8,136-138, 139,140,146,154 public health worker assessment, 118 public service announcements, 320,321, 322 regulatory conditions for federal, 103 reporting requirements, 114 research, general, 16-17,111,164-165 surveillance systems, 127-128,146 sustainability, 7-8,10,98-99,136,148, 149,150,154,157,160,161, 169,170,189,457 tribal health care, 103 The Future of Public Health, xi, xiii, 28,83, 97-98,100,127,155,158,160, 358,411-420,424
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, 99-100, 124, 132-133, 134, 143, 144, 146 Health belief model, 342 489 Health care delivery system, 2, 11-13, 2728, 46, 164, 212-257, 403 see also Access to services; Diagnosis and screening; Emergency response; Health insurance; Hospitals; Mental health care; Nurses and nursing; Physicians; Public health agencies academic cooperation, 5, 6, 155-158, 250-251, 360, 365, 375, 381 chronic conditions, 212, 229, 231, 232234, 236-237 community health centers, 153-154, 215, 219, 251 community-level, general, 178, 213, 251-252 cost factors, 213, 214, 234 demonstration projects, 13, 53, 204, 253, 257 determinants of health, 214, 240, 245, 417 elderly persons, 35 employer-provided services, 13, 212, 251 essential public health services, 214, 246 expenditures on health-related services, 20, 213, 215, 232, 255-256, 422 federal government agencies, direct service delivery, 115 historical perspectives, 213, 219-220 information systems, 212, 242-244 mass media relations, 251, 433 nonprofit organizations, 212-213, 253 oral health care, 212, 229-231 personal health care, 214, 216, 242, 246, 257 private sector, 212-213, 214-215, 218, 225, 228, 229, 245, 247 public health agency, 12, 244-251 safety-net services, 111, 153-154, 215, 219-221, 228, 245, 446 Health Care Financing Administration, 226 see also Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Health departments, see Public health agencies Health for All initiative, 178 Health insurance, 213, 214, 256 see also Managed care organizations; Medicaid; Medicare behavioral risk factors and, 218
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, 168,332,406,408 obesity prevention, 80 public health laboratories, 137 safety-net services, 216,220 state law reform, 105,106 state policy development, general, 121 surveillance, 248 Health Plan Employer Data and Information Set, 271 Health Professions Educational Assistance Act, 368 Health Resources and Services Administration (HSRA) , 5,16, 112 community-level collaborations, 188 public health worker training, 118,119, 120,366-367,368,374 Health workers, xii, xiii, 3,27,101,116 see also Health officials; Nurses and nursing; Physicians; Professional education African American, 235 Asians, 235 community-level collaboration, 191-192, 194,427 competencies required, 15,100-101, 154,418,422,423-440 emergency response worker safety, 286288 funding for assessment of, 118 local public health agencies, staffing, 143,159 minority, 36,233,235-236 occupational safety and health, 286-288 public health laboratories, 138-139 shortages, 235-237,368 volunteer workers, 116,361
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. preventive Interventions, Insurance coverage, 222 television, 320-321 Historical perspectives, 20, 23, 40 campaigns, large-scale, 319 chronic conditions, xii, 79 community-based care, 178, 179 employee working conditions, 283, 284 employer-provided health insurance, 270 environmental factors, 53, 54 health care costs, 255-256 health care delivery system, 213, 219220 health care expenditures, 255-256 health insurance, 219-220, 270 hospital emergency response, 238 local government role, 108 mass media, 308-310 occupational safety and health, 283, 284 preventive interventions, 222 professional education, funding, 116, 117, 368-371, 420 public health agencies, 26, 97-98 public health agency/delivery system collaboration, 244-245 public health worker education, 116, 117, 362, 368-371, 420 quality of life, 20 sanitation, 60 social risk factors, 56-57 state public health law, 104-105, 108 uninsured persons, 216 HIV/AIDS, 40, 294 community-level collaborations, 183184, 444, 449, 458 competencies of health care workers, 440 international perspectives, 294 491 mass media campaigns, 308 -310, 311, 322, 334 race/ethnicity, access to care, 63 social marketing, 334 Homeland Security Department, see Department of Homeland ram .
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, 105, 106 Information for Health: A Strategy for Building the National Health Information Infrastructure, 135 Information Network for Public Health Officials, 132 Information Superhighway, see National Health Information Infrastructure Information systems, 3, 126, 131-136, 154, 242-244 see also Computer applications; Internet academic health centers, 251 bioterrorism response, 3, 99-100, 124, 132-133, 134, 142, 144 chronic conditions, 234-235 community-level collaborations, 184, 189 competencies of health care workers, 433-434, 435 Health Alert Network, 99-100, 124, 132-133, 134, 143, 144, 146 health care delivery system, 212, 242244 INDEX health officials' role, 6, 124, 125, 132, 135, 168 infrastructure costs, 136, 139, 243, 256 international, 39, 41 local public health agencies, 134, 143, 159-160 National Health Information Infrastructure, xii, 7, 134-136, 244 National Information Infrastructure, 134-135 personal health care, 243, 244, 331, 332 preventive interventions, 244 privacy and confidentiality, 243, 244 private sector, 132, 136, 139 professional education, 367 schools of public health, 132, 333 standards, 39, 130, 132, 139, 144, 242243 state law, 106 surveillance, 131, 243, 248, 249 technical assistance, 139, 242-244, 307 technological innovations, general, 35, 37-38, 39, 131-133, 134, 136 Injuries, see Accidents and injuries Input-output persuasion model, 343 Insurance, see Health insurance Integrating Public Health Information and Surveillance Systems, 131 Interactive health communication, 329-331, 332 Interdisciplinary approaches academia/professional education, 16, 235, 360, 362, 363-367, 371, 372, 376 credentialing of public health workers, 123 minority access to quality care, 233 prevention research, 376, 386 International perspectives academia, 166, 358, 362, 419 cancer, 20-21 developing countries, research on diseases affecting, 40, 165 DHHS, 115, 165, 166 environmental factors, 53 European Institute for Health and Medical Sciences, 39 federal agency coordination and foreign relations, 38, 165 food movements, 165
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INDEX funding, 165, 166 globalization, 38-41, 180, 362, 430 HIV awareness, 294 infant mortality, 20 information systems, 39, 41 internships and fellowships, 362 longevity, 20 pharmaceuticals, international movement of, 39, 165 primary care, 240 public health care workers, competencies 423-424 430 ~ ~ Laboratories schools of public health, international programs, 362, 419 socioeconomic status, 68-70 surveillance, 40 technological innovations, 38 unemployed persons, 66-67 World Health Organization, 22, 39, 165, 178 Internet, 27, 37, 39, 132, 134, 307-308, 329-333, 421 academic health centers, 251 community-level collaborations, 189 digital divide, 331 -332 distance learning, 117, 359, 367, 368, 454 employee training, 294 interactive health communication, 329331, 332 managed care organizations, 243 public health agency performance standards, 155 public health education, 243 schools of public health, 333 J Japan, 48, 55 Journalism and journalists, 14-15, 125, 315, 316-317, 318-319, 339, 346, 360 Association of Health Care Journalists, 316-317 attitudes of and about, 313-316 education on health topics, 15, 315-317, 319 health officials' relations with, xvi, 1415, 81, 124, 125, 315-318, 332, 341, 352 493 K Kaiser Family Foundation, 222, 294, 308, 316, 320, 322, 325, 326, 328 entertainment television, 326, 328 public service announcements, 319, 322 Kellogg Foundation, 106, 444, 449 see also Turning Point initiative L see also Public health laboratories private/hospitals, 137, 139 Laboratory Response Network, 139 Language factors, 31, 38, 62, 458, 459 community-level efforts, 178, 180 digital divide, 332 health care delivery system, 225, 234 health promotion efforts, 192 Internet, 332 mass media, 31, 316, 320-321 safety-net providers, 216 television programming for Hispanics, 320-321 Law, see Legislation Lead poisoning, 55 Leadership community-level efforts, 11, 184, 196, 201, 204, 254, 292, 293, 297298, 389, 393 competencies of health care workers, 433 doctor of public health, 360 federal us state authority, 166-167 health officials, 116, 120 industry role, 14, 287-298, 299 mass media and, 309-310 National Health Information Infrastructure, 7 state government, 166-167, 415 training, 5-6, 7, 118, 119, 120-122, 367, 371, 374, 418, 433 Leapfrog Group, 271 Legislation, 101-111, 113 AIDS Federal Policy Act, 310 Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments, 137 competencies of health care workers, 439 diet and nutrition, 292
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Life expectancy, see Longevity Linking Research and Public Health Practice, 383 Local factors, other, see Community-based factors and interventions; Community partnerships, coalitions, and collaboration; Rural areas; Urban areas Local government, 5, 26 see also Local public health agencies epidemiology, 144 federal government relations with, 143, 148, 165, 167-168, 169-170 funding by state and federal governments, 8, 115, 144-145, 146, 149, 151, 154, 168, 418419 Medicaid patients transferred from, 153 national health data set, 127, 417 organizational factors, 101 public health function, general, 97, 98, 102, 413-414, 415 public health laboratories, 139 safety-net services, 153, 219-220 state agencies, relations with, 108-109, 142, 143, 410, 412, 415 surveillance, 128, 129, 130-131, 132 tribal, 102-103, 421-422 types of public health agencies, 109 Local public health agencies, 107-109, 414 academic qualifications of workers, 360 academic research, 375 accreditation of, 9, 155, 157-158 business, cooperation with, 299 capacity concerns, 158-161 communication/information technology, 134, 143, 159-160 community collaborations, 181, 185186, 187, 191-192, 202, 203, 204, 408, 454, 458, 459-460 cost of infrastructure, 144, 148 environmental factors, 416 epidemiology, 144 Graduate Certificate Program, 371-372 performance standards, 150, 155-158, 160, 202 population-level studies and interventions, 111, 153, 154, 417 professional training, 368, 374, 419
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From page 495... ...
. responslollltles and activities, general, 110-111 rural areas, 108, 159, 161 schools of public health, linkages, 419 staff, 143, 159 state government, cooperation with, 108-109, 142, 410, 412, 415 terrorist attack response, 96, 137- 138, 139, 140, 141-147, 160 types of, 109 Longevity, 20, 232 behavioral risk factors, 222 socioeconomic status, 61 uninsured persons, 216 M Managed care organizations, 240-242 academic health centers, 251 employer-provided health insurance, 241, 269 hospital emergency response capacity, 237 local services provided by, 153 physicians, 240, 241 population-level studies and interventions, 240, 241, 246-247 preventive interventions, 222 quality of care, general, 233 state services provided by, 111, 153 technological innovations, 242 Management Academy for Public Health, 121 Mass media, xvi, 3, 14-15, 29, 125, 307348 see also Advertising; Internet; Journalism and journalists; News media; Television academia, 324, 388 advocacy, 338-341 assessment, 21, 38, 324-327, 345-347 attitudes, 307-308, 310, 313-315, 317, 318, 322, 333 behavioral impact models, 341-345 behavioral risk factors, 307-308 bioterrorism response, 142, 317-318 CDC, 312, 326 community-level collaborations, 188, 196, 197, 202, 253, 254-255, 311-313, 324, 325, 328, 335, 388 competencies of health care workers, 433 495 crime and violence portrayed, 311, 328329, 345 cultural factors, 318, 334-335 DHHS relations with, 317-318 genomics, 38 health care workers and, 251, 433 health officials' relations with, xvi, 1415, 81, 124, 125, 315-318, 332, 341, 352 historical perspectives, 308-310 HIV/AIDS, 308-310, 311, 322, 334 language factors, 31, 316, 320-321 leadership, 309-310 obesity, 81, 82 partnerships and collaborations, 324, 325, 328, 335 personal health care, 338 population-level interventions, 333-341 preventive interventions, xvi, 15, 319348 professional education, relations with, 15, 315-317, 319 public health agencies' relations with, 14, 15, 317, 318-319, 327 public service announcements, 15, 319324 radio, 15, 322, 323 research methodology, 334-335, 346348 social marketing, 14, 117, 125, 201, 282, 299, 319, 326, 333-338 stage government role, 111, 153 theories of impact, 341-345 Master of public health degree (MPH)
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From page 496... ...
496 population interventions, 246-247 preventive services, 224-225, 226, 230 public health agency/delivery system collaboration, 245 state government, 110, 111, 114, 115, 153, 154 Medicare, 111, 114, 115, 215 alcohol/drug abuse treatment, 229 Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, 114, 245 dental care, 230 Internet patient education, 243 mental health care, 227-228 preventive services, 223-224, 230 state government 111, 114, 115 Medicine/Public Health Initiative, 363-364 Mental health care, 8 see also Alcohol abuse; Stress; Substance abuse community-level collaborations, 193, 451, 458 competencies of health care workers, 437 costs of, 225, 277, 278 depression, 67, 125, 225, 227, 234, 277, 278 employee prevention interventions, 277, 278 health care delivery system, 212, 227 health insurance coverage, 12, 27, 73, 218, 225, 227-228, 230-231, 271 hospitals, 220, 228 Medicaid/Medicare, 227-228 National Institute of Mental Heath, 328 neglected, 3, 225, 227-228 obesity and, 82 pharmaceuticals, 227, 228 safety-net services, 228 special linkages, 416 suicide, 70, 275 Methylmercury, 55-56 Minorities, see Race/ethnicity Mobilizing for Action through Planning and Partnerships (MAPP) , 156, 406407 Model public health law, 4, 5, 106-107 Model State Emergency Health Powers Act, 106, 107 Models and modeling see also Demonstration projects community collaborations, 186-199, 203, 393-394, 406-410 INDEX health determinants, 57, 403-405 legislative, state law reform,4-5, 106, 107 mass media impacts, 341-345 practice scholarship, 393-394 prevention, population models, 47, 75-76 public health worker training, 119 risk reduction, 48-51 Monitoring, 32, 99 see also Surveillance chemical exposures, 100 community-level, 33, 408 information technology, 243 obesity, 82 occupational safety and health, 285, 287 public health workforce, 117 workplace, 285, 287 World Trade Center attack, response, 287 Mortality academic research, 375 chronic diseases, 128 health insurance and, 216, 218 income, 68 infant, 20, 21, 69, 182 longevity, 20, 61, 216, 222, 232 obesity, 77-78 primary care, 240 social connectedness, 70 socioeconomic status, 58-61 work-related injuries and diseases, 283, 284-285, 286, 287-288 Multidisciplinary approaches, see Interdisciplinary approaches Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial, 58 N National and Regional Public Health Leadership Institutes, 16 National Association of County and City Health Officials (NACCHO)
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From page 497... ...
, 150, 155, 157, 158, 185 National Public Health Program Reporting System (NPHPRS) , 149, 150 National Security Council, 165-166 News media, 307, 308-319 advocacy, 339 crime and violence, 311 entertainment television linked to, 326 HIV/AIDS, 308-310, 311 journalism and journalists, 14-15, 125, 315, 316-317, 318-319, 339, 346, 360 Nonprofit organizations and foundations, 4, 23, 451 community collaborations, 11, 181-182, 194, 252-253, 449, 451, 457, 459 employer prevention efforts, 272 health care delivery system, 212-213, 253 hospital/community collaboration, 253 Internet interactive health communication, 329-330, 332 mass media education, 15, 316, 317 national health promotion efforts, 19 professional education, 368, 369 public service announcements, 15, 319324 regulation of, 23 Nurses and nursing, 118, 159, 360 chronic conditions, shortages of nurses, 236-237 competencies of health care workers, 437 minority representation, 235 professional training, 236, 362, 364, 365, 366 Nursing Center for Health Policy, 143-144 Nutrition, see Food and nutrition o Obesity, 1, 21, 49, 70, 76-83 academic research, 375-376 community-level collaborations, 187, 197, 198 diabetes, 77, 78-79 employees, 275, 279 partnering, 79-84
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From page 498... ...
, 416 safety-net services, 219,221 state health agencies, 108-110, 150-152, 159,414-415 Outcome assessment, 12 chronic conditions, 234 community-level, 11, 198-199 expenditures us outcomes, xv, 21,46, 213,272 federal agency programs, non-DHHS, 10 health insurance holders, 214,221 hospital emergency response, 238 income as risk factor, 50 mass media campaigns, 308,341-345 practice scholarship, 393 risk factors and, 50-51 social connectedness, 65-66 socioeconomic status, 57 Outpatient care alcohol/substance abuse, 228 mental health, 228 primary care, access to, 239 safety-net services, 220 Outreach community-level, 111, 192,202-203, 394,445,447,450,458 health care delivery system, 216 Internet, 329 safety-net providers, 216 p Partnership for Prevention, 272-273 Partnerships, coalitions, and collaboration, xiv, xv,1,12,13-14,32,34,7982,101,300,377,378,379,386, 387,388-392
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From page 499... ...
. 1ntormatlon/communlcatlon capacity, 114, 139 professional education, 368, 372, 374 social marketing, 335 Political influences, xv, 3, 22-23, 24, 41 see also Leadership community-level collaborations, 192, 195-196 demographic, 36 environmental factors, 54 health and political participation, 22 Internet, 37 population-level studies and interventions, 71, 73 professional training of public health workers, 362
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From page 500... ...
cost factors, 73, 74 counseling, 81, 102, 105, 196, 222, 223, 224, 234, 274, 282, 458 definitional issues, 221, 376 diabetes, Medicare coverage, 224 elderly persons, 35 employers, 3, 13-14, 25, 193, 222, 223, 268, 271-274, 275-289, 292, 293, 294-300 Environmental Protection Agency, 386 environmental risk factors, 25-26, 377 evidence-based policy, 272 health care delivery system, 212
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From page 501... ...
INDEX health insurance coverage for, 12,73, 216,218,221,222-223,235,240 historical perspectives, 222 information technology, 244 interdisciplinary research, 376,386 managed care, 222 mass media, xvi, 15,319-348 Medicaid, 224-225,226,230 Medicare, 223-224,226,230 minority access to quality care, 63,222223,233 National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 100 National Institutes of Health, 17,82, 386-387 nation-wide programs, 154 neglected, 221-225 obesity, 80-82,279,290,292 physicians, 222,223-224,364 population-level studies and interventions, 17,47-48,71-84, 376-377,387 public health agency/delivery system collaboration, 244,253 research recommendations, 16-17,387, 422 risk reduction models, 48-51 seat belts, xv, 73-74 socioeconomic status, 25-26 standards, 272 technological innovations, 35 Primary care see also Diagnosis and screening; Physicians access to, 239-242,255 health insurance, 218 managed care, 153,239 public health agency provision, 246 shortage of personnel, 239 World Health Organization guidelines. 239 PRISM Awards, 328 Privacy and confidentiality epidemics, measures taken, 24 genomics, 37 health insurance, 214 information technology, general, 243,244 Internet interactive communication, 332 National Health Information Infrastructure, 136 501 public health laboratories information/ communication systems, 139 surveillance, 13,248 Private sector, 2,3,4,22-23,28 see also Employers and businesses; Health insurance; Nonprofit organizations and foundations community-level interventions, 182-183 funding, 11, 12,14,17,136,170,182183,204 health care delivery system, 212-213, 214-215,218,225,228,229, 245,247 hospitals, 137 information systems, 132,136,139 infrastructure, 97,102,111,127-128, 132,136,137,139,153,170 laboratories, 137,139 public goods, 22-23 public-private partnerships, general, xi, 132,182,194,245,247,417, 449 regulation of, 23 safety-net services, 153 surveillance, 127-128 Professional education, 3,5,27,33,34,99, 116-122,154,252,359,360374,419-420 see also Academia; School-based interventions advocacy, 240 age factors, 367 assessment, 367-374 attitudes and beliefs about, 373-374, 420 CDC, 16-17,368,371,373,374,423 communication skills, 123-126,367 community-level efforts, 202,203,235, 362,371,373-374,449 competency-based, 5,16,33,116-120, 122,125-127,143,363,366, 393-394,422 computer applications, 367,424 continuing education, 15,120,251,358, 361,367,371,372,373,419, 422,454 core public health functions, 7,120, 125,363,372,424,425-426, 432,435,437 cost factors, 123-126,367
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From page 502... ...
. ntormatlonlcommunlcatlon systems, 134, 139, 143, 144, 154, 244-245 Internet access, 421 leadership, 5-6, 375 managed care organizations and,111,153 mass media, relations with, 14, 15, 317, 318-319, 327 performance standards, 150, 155-158 personal health care, 25, 246 political influences, 96, 121, 417-418 professional education and, 5, 6, 365
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From page 503... ...
, 105, 106 media advocacy, 339-340 model public health law, 4, 5, 106-107 Model State Emergency Health Powers Act, 4-5, 106, 107 503 Occupational Safety and Health Act, 283, 284 Pollution Prevention Act, 284 Prevention Res earch Centers, 383 - 385 professional education funding, selected laws, 369-370 Public Health Improvement Act, 144, 149 Public Health Preparedness and Response Act, 144 Public Health Service Act, 149 Public Health Threats and Emergency Act, 144-145 public health worker training, 117 reform of national, 26 reform of state, 4-5, 26, 98, 104-107, 108, 414, 422 Ryan White CARE Act, 151, 310 seat belts, 73-74 Toxic Substances Control Act, 284 Turning Point Model State Public Health Act, 4-5 Public Health Law Collaborative, 106-107 Public Health Leadership Institute, 391 Public Health Practice Program Office, 99 Public Health Preparedness and Response Act, 144 Public Health Service, see U.S. Public Health Service Public Health Service Act, 149, 166 Public Health Threats and Emergency Act, 144-145 Public Health Training Centers, 374 TI7e Public HealtI7 VDorkforce: An Agenda for tile 21st Century, 117 Public relations, 326 professional training, 367 Public service announcements (PSAs)
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From page 504... ...
. preventive Interventions, Insurance coverage, 222-223 professional training of public health workers, 362 quality of care, general, 27, 63, 222223, 231-232, 233 seat belt use, 73 socioeconomic status and, 58, 61, 63 tribal governments, 102-103, 421 Radio, 15, 322, 323 RAND Health Insurance Experiment, 218 Rapid Response and Advanced Technology Laboratory, 143 Rapid Syndrome Validation Project, 131 Reasoned action theory Regionalization community collaborations, 410 DHHS, 162, 168 INDEX professional education, 367 public health funding, 97 Religious influences community-level collaboration, 190, 191, 454 faith community, 179, 181, 190, 191, 194, 355, 454 Regulatory issues, 9, 23, 101-102, 257 see also Accreditation of institutions; Credentialing; Standards DHHS agencies, regulatory authorities, 9-10, 113-114, 164-165, 169 diet and nutrition, 292 enforcement, 32, 99, 102 environmental, 289-290 essential public health services, 99 federal, general, 111, 114 federal agency cooperation, 164 food labeling, 82 health care delivery system, 213, 257 health insurance, 213 local level, 10, 102 monitoring, 422 occupational safety and health, 283-286 (passim)
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From page 505... ...
international programs, 362, 419 Internet use, 333 leadership training, 122 mass media partnering, 324 minority groups, 362, 419 policy development, 419 recruitment efforts, 420 research agenda, 5-6, 360, 419 state/local public health agency linkages, 419 Screening, see Diagnosis and screening Seat belts, xv, 73-74, 240
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From page 506... ...
. mass media Interventions, population-level studies and interventions, 72,74-76 school-based interventions, 74-75 taxation, 75,76,323,324 Social Climate Survey, 75 Social comparison theory, 342 Social convergence theory, 342 Social factors, general, xv, 21,22-24,29, 56-71 see also Cultural factors; Mass media; Political influences; Race/ethnicity academic research, 374 business involvement in community, 293-294,298-299 community-level collaborations, 184, 188,204,451 connectedness, 63-66,70-71,180 determinants of health, xv, 36,56-71, 188,338,346,456 health determinant models, 57,403-405 media advocacy, 338-339 obesity, 76 oral diseases, 229 peer influences, 74-75, 241, 329-330, 342 professional training, 362 public health defined, 28 public service announcements, 323 telecommunications infrastructure, 135 Social influence theory, 342 INDEX Social learning theory, 343-344 Social marketing, 14,117,125,201,282, 299,319,326,333-338 Socioeconomic status, xv, 21,23,25,68, 69,70-71 see also Educational attainment; Income; Poverty access to care, general, 233,239 determinants-of-health model, 57-61 environmental factors, 54 gender and, 58 Healthy People 2010, 19 international perspectives, 68-70 media advocacy, 338 obesity, 79 occupational status, 57,58 population-level studies and interventions, 71 preventive measures, 25-26 primary care, 240 quality of care, general, 231,232,233 race/ethnicity and, 58,61,63 social marketing, 336 Stages-of-change theory, 344 Standards see also Accreditation of institutions; Competencies of health workers; Ethical issues; Performance standards; Regulatory issues computer medical records, 242-243 cultural/linguistic competence, 195 dietary guidelines, 79,80,292 federal agency cooperation, 164 health care workers, 34 information/communication, 39,130, 132,139,144,242-243 international movements of goods, 39 national health data set, 127,417 obesity, clinical guidelines, 81 occupational safety and health, 284 practice scholarship, 394 professional education, 372 public health function, general, 98,107, 155-158,415 public health laboratories, 137 public health workforce taxonomy, 117 reporting systems, 130,150 toxic substance exposure levels, 55 treatment and prevention measures, 272 World Health Organization, 165 State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP)
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From page 507... ...
INDEX State government, 7,412 see also Medicaid; Medicare; State public health agencies block grants, 150-152,228-229,245,444 community-level efforts, 203 epidemiology, 144,146 essential public health services, 110, Stress, xvi 168,413 federal government relations, 10-11, 26, 103-104,115,145-146,148, 150,151-152,165,166-170,418 health insurance regulation, 213 legislative reform, 4-5,26,98,104-107, 414,422 local public health agencies, cooperation with, 108-109,142,143,410, 412,415 managed care organizations, 111, 153 national health data set, 127,417 organizational factors, 101 professional education and training, 5, 372 public health function, general, 97,98, 99,101-102,104-107,147-149, 412-413,414 public health laboratories, 7-8,137, 139,140,146 regulatory role, 10, 101-102,104-107 reporting requirements, 106,149-150, 414 safety-net services, 153,219-220 surveillance, 106,128,129,130-131, 132,146 toxic substances in food, 55 State Health Leadership Initiative, 121 State-level trends elderly persons, 35 employer-provided health insurance, 272 income effects on mortality, 69,70 national health data set, 127,417 obesity, 77 occupational safety and health, 285 safety-net services, 219 State public health agencies, 107-108,142, 145-149,414,454, 455 academic qualifications of workers, 360 accreditation, 9, 155, 157-158 costs of infrastructure, 144 environmental factors, 416 epidemiology, 144,146 Graduate Certificate Program, 371-372 health care delivery system and, 213 507 performance standards, 150, 155-158 professional education, 144,146,371372,373,374,419 quality of care regulation, 213-214,231, 244,257 schools of public health, linkages, 419 environmental, 60,66 management, 278,282,283 psychosocial, 47,62,65,66,275,278, 282 workplace, 275,278,279,282,283 Substance abuse, 228-229 see also Alcohol abuse attitudes, 228 community-level efforts, 203,445 costs to society, 228,229,276,278 employees, 275,276-277,278 entertainment television, 328-329 insurance coverage for treatment, 12, 27,73,218,225,228-231 National Institute on Drug Abuse, 328 social influence interventions, 74-75 Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 112 Suicide, 70,275 Surgeon General, 74,167,225,328 C Everett Koop National Health Award, 299 dental care, 230 Surveillance, 127-136 Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 112,117,118, 132,163 CDC, 128,129,131-133,140,248, 249-250 chronic diseases, 128,130 DHHS, 113,128 diagnostic procedures and, 248-250 food-borne pathogens, 129-130 funding, 127-128,146 health officials' role, 248 information technology, 131,243,248, 249 international efforts, 40 local government efforts, 128,129,130131,132 National Center for Health Statistics, 114,368 National Electronic Disease Surveillance Network, 99
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From page 508... ...
sexual behavior, 325, 328-329 violence, 311, 328-329 ~ · ~ terrorism, ~ see also Bioterrorism chemical agents, 138, 139, 141 hospital emergency response, 237 Model State Emergency Health Powers Act, 106 state law reform, 106 World Trade Center, 286-288 Theory of reasoned action, 343 Tobacco use, see Smoking Toxic substances, 3, 60 community-level efforts, 312-313, 390 epidemiology, 55-56 in food, 55-56 gender factors, 55 industrial pollution, 289-290, 291 lead, 55 methylmercury, 55-56 monitoring systems, 100 rural areas, 54 urban areas, 54 workplace, 284 Toxic Substances Control Act, 284 Training, see Professional education Transportation, 36 hospital emergency response, 238 Tribal governments, 102-103, 421-422 TRICARE, 215 Turning Point initiative, xiii, xiv(n.3)
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From page 509... ...
Public Health Service, 112, 113, 149, 162, 167, 222, 245 V Vaccines, 20, 100, 110, 111, 146, 221, 222, 274 adolescents, 223 509 childhood, 111, 223, 274, 336-337, 362, 386 federal government, 111 professional training, 362 Veterans Health Administration, 215 Veterinarians, 111, 144, 360 competencies required, 440 Violence, see Crime and violence Viruses, 27 HIV/AIDS, 40 oral diseases, 230 Vision for Health Consortium, 444-449 Visual perception, 274, 458 Vital Interest in Global Health, 166 Voluntary Hospital Association of America, 254 Voluntary organizations, 23, 30, 417 regulation, health care delivery system, 213 Volunteer workers, 116, 361 W Walsh-Healey Public Contracts Act, 284 Washington Business Group on Health, 271, 297 Water quality, 60, 114 community-level efforts, 180, 190, 193 sanitation, 20, 22, 48, 51, 54, 60, 362 Who Will Keep the Public Healthy? , 365, 366, 424 Women, Infants and Children program, 82 Working Group on Bioterrorism Preparedness, 139 Workplace, see Occupational safety and health World Health Organization (WHO)
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Key Terms
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