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5. Air Force Micro- and Nanotechnology Programs and Opportunities
Pages 182-199

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From page 182... ... Many other technologies are being explored for use once CMOS silicon scaling has reached saturation (see "Information Technology," the first section of Chapter 3, for additional discussion) Read the entire page →
From page 183... ... The continued rapid advance of information technology will makepossiblenew systems approaches. Miniaturizationis expected to briny aworld of ubiquitous sensing and computing to Air Force systems (lower power, smaller size, more function with embedded systems, lower cost, and increased capability) Read the entire page →
From page 184... ... academic institutions; the distribution of AFOSR funding is about 70 percent external and 30 percent inhouse within AFRL. These investments have been provided from the Air Force BOX 5-1 Expected Impacts of Research Supported by the Air Force Nanotechnology Program Enhanced Mechanical Sensors Electronic devices Energetic Materials Structures � Infrared � High-speed � Propellants with � Lightweight target information higher specific structures recognition processing impulse and � High performance � Airborne and � Orders of controlled burn rates � High-temperature space-based magnitude � Smaller munitions materials and long-range increase in � Safer propellants structures detection computing power � Enhanced power � Self-healing � Multispectral � Counterradiation generation structures awareness effects � Advanced fuels, � Smart skins lubricants, and � Reduced cost of additives launch Read the entire page →
From page 185... ... Eliminate multiple design iterations and prototype testing, extremely fast image reconstruction. Nanoscale energetic materials. Read the entire page →
From page 186... ... The MURI programs I - Nanobiology/lT 7% Nanodevices 45% Nanoenergetics 11% Nanomaterials 37% FIGURE 5-1 Air Force nanotechnology research. SOURCE: Based on data provided by Gernot Pomrenke, Air Force Research Laboratory. Read the entire page →
From page 187... ... academic institutions for acquiring large, expensive equipment items that cannot be supported by traditional grant mechanisms. Examples include molecular beam epitaxial semiconductor growth machines, organo-metallic chemical vapor deposition reactors, scanning tunneling electron microscopes, atomic force microscopes, and other equipment that enables research on nanoscale materials and devices. Read the entire page →
From page 188... ... Personnel health monitors/stimulators BOX 5-3 Air Force Nanotechnology Program Nanoengineered Nanostructured Nano/Bio/lnfo Materials Devices Interface Nanoenergetics � Carbon � Ultrafast, � Nanobiocatalysis � Nanoscopic nanotubes and ultradense � Chemical and fuel additives composites electronic biological � Nanoscale � High-temperature devices decontamination energetic and high-strength and processors � Nanosystems materials materials and � Nanoscale architecture � High-energy coatings sensors � DNA information density � Nanocomposites, and emitters processing materials organic end � Molecular � Biocomputational � Nanoscale inorganic electronics and models photovoltaics � Multilayer architecture � Neural network � Nanofuels, laminates � Nanophotonics processors nanocomposites � Self-healing and optical � Distributed � Nanofluidics polymers nanoprobes systems and plasma � Self-assembly � Nonlinear and aerodynamics and hybrid adaptive � Unimolecular fabrication nanoscale optics micelles � Designer � Quantum � Laser substrates for computing sources electronics devices and � Nanocontrolled circuits dielectrics � Chemical and biological quantum sensors Read the entire page →
From page 189... ... AIR FORCE MICRO- AND NANOTECHNOLOGY PROGRAMS AND OPPORTUNITIES 189 TABLE 5-3 AFOSR-Managed DURINT Programs DURINT Topic DURINT Team Nanostructures for catalysis Air Force Polymeric nanocomposites Air Force Polymeric nanophotonics and Air Force nanoelectronics Quantum computing with quantum devices Quantum computing with quantum devices Molecular recognition and signal transduction in biomolecular systems Synthesis and modification of nanostructure surfaces Air Force Air Force DARPA/Air Force DARPA/Air Force University of Washington, Iowa State University, University of Pittsburgh University of Akron University of Washington, University of California at Berkeley, MIT, Yale Harvard University, University of Rochester University of Kansas University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Harold Washington College University of California at Berkeley, University of California at Los Angeles, Princeton University, Louisiana State University SOURCE: Adapted from data provided by Gernot Pomrenke, Air Force Research Laboratory. TABLE 5-4 Nanotechnology MURIs in FY 2001 MURI Topic Agency DURINT Team Multi-functional nano-engineered Air Force coatings Multi-functional nano-engineered Air Force coatings University of Virginia, Ohio State University, University of Cincinnati, Arizona State University, University of New Mexico University of Minnesota, North Dakota State University, University of Missouri at Kansas City, University of Dayton SOURCE: Adapted from data provided by Gernot Pomrenke, Air Force Research Laboratory. Read the entire page →
From page 190... ... Massachusetts Very Low Temperature Measurement Very-low-temperature Institute of System for Quantum Computation with measurement Technology Superconductors system Pennsylvania State Photoelectron Spectrometer and Cluster Photoelectron University Source for the Production and Analysis of spectrometer and Cluster Assembled Nanoscale Materials cluster source University of Arizona Nanotechnology Instrumentation Optical parametric oscillator laser Western Kentucky Acquisition of an X-ray Diffractometer for X-ray diffractometer University Nanotechnology Research University of Virginia Acquisition of a High-Resolution Field Field emission Emission Electron Microscope for electron Nanoscale Materials Research and microscope Development SOURCE: Adapted from data provided by Gernot Pomrenke, Air Force Research Laboratory. TRENDS IN DoD AND AIR FORCE RESEARCH FUNDING R&D funding within the Department of Defense has not kept up with R&D funding in other agencies (see Figure 5-2~. Read the entire page →
From page 191... ... Funding Level for DoD Basic Research O1,600- ~ N.. Read the entire page →
From page 192... ... investments in air, space, and information systems S&T are too low to meet the challenges being presented by new and emerging threats.4 This environment in which the Air Force finds itself cries out for increased investment in R&D. Potential nation-state adversaries as well as supranational terrorist groups connected not by national attachments but by ideology continue to pursue ways to gain advantage, raising challenges ranging from chemical and biological agent attacks, to camouflage under foliage, to deeply buried targets, to urban warfare, to new unconventional threats to civilian populations. Read the entire page →
From page 193... ... Industry must deal with global competition, and the commercial market has become much larger than the military market. This has several implications for DoD research: The commercial sector is driving near-term advances in components and systems, The DoD must incorporate commercial products into its systems and provide ruggedization and military specialization as an overlayer, Increased international competition is forcing industry to focus on the near term at the cost of longer-term investments in fundamental and applied research. Read the entire page →
From page 194... ... At the same time, competitive pressures are shortening industry development horizons to only the next one or two product cycles: Much of current industrial research has a very short time horizon and, in addition, tends to be focused on incremental improvements of current civilian products.8 In a cycle that spans S&T through development and production to life-cycle support, a few additional dollars added to industry's profit-driven, near-term development will have relatively little influence. DoD can exert much more influence by leveraging its dollars either at the front end by enabling the S&T phase or at the back end by (1) Read the entire page →
From page 195... ... Although this focused approach has not led to success in every project, it has nonetheless fostered enormous progress in new technologies for both the military and the commercial sectors, with the early stages of new technologies almost always being applicable to both sectors. Examples include devices and systems such as microwave sources, the transistor, the laser, fiber optics, and the many new materials used in aircraft technologies. Read the entire page →
From page 196... ... The Air Force needs to maintain long-term funding relationships with relevant organizations and scientific and technological contributors and to use its funding leverage to ensure relevance to Air Force requirements. Lastly, communication is required between these efforts and the military and industrial organizations that plan and evolve new military systems. Read the entire page →
From page 197... ... Ways should be devised to attract more of the top students in micro- and nanotechnologies to AFRL for example, by increasing graduate student involvement in AFRL projects and by increasing coupling of AFRL and university programs. FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Finding P1. Read the entire page →
From page 198... ... Rather than competing with the commercial sector, the Air Force should stay strongly connected to commercial advances and adapt them to Air-Force-specific requirements. Finding P3. Read the entire page →
From page 199... ... 2001. Pentagon Advisory Panel Criticizes Science Budget, Press Release, March 19. Read the entire page →

From page 182...

... Many other technologies are being explored for use once CMOS silicon scaling has reached saturation (see "Information Technology," the first section of Chapter 3, for additional discussion)

5. Air Force Micro- and Nanotechnology Programs and Opportunities Pages 182-199

5. Air Force Micro- and Nanotechnology Programs and Opportunities
Pages 182-199