Implications of Emerging Micro- and Nanotechnologies (2002) / Chapter Skim
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6. Opportunities in Mirco- and Nanotechnologies
6. Opportunities in Mirco- and Nanotechnologies
Pages 200-215
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From page 200... ...
The committee now discusses the implications of each of these trends. Increased Information Capabilities The committee sees a continued scaling of microelectronic, magnetic, and optical devices to smaller size and higher densities at ever-higher speeds.
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From page 201... ...
In fact, advances in information capabilities are proceeding so rapidly that there is a risk of outstripping our ability to capture ideas, formulate operational concepts, and develop the capacity to assess results. While the goal of achieving information superiority will not change, the nature, scope, and "rules" of the quest are changing radically.]
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From page 202... ...
The combination of reduced size, weight, and cost per unit function has significant implications for Air Force missions, from global reach to situational awareness. Examples may include the rapid low-cost global deployment of sensors, launch-on-demand tactical satellites, distributed sensor networks, and affordable UAVs.
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From page 203... ...
will be challenging and will raise important global political and societal issues as well, such as the acceptable bounds of future warfare for example, specifying the roles of autonomous decision-making machines in war fighting. AIR FORCE MISSIONS AS DRIVERS FOR MICRO- AND NANOTECHNOLOGIES Micro- and nanotechnology's potential for reducing weight and size while enhancing performance has particular relevance to the Air Force mission of defending the United States through control and exploitation of air and space.
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From page 204... ...
. The technologies are grouped by use: space vehicles and systems, weapon systems, and air vehicles and systems.
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Large arrays, made possible by miniaturization and the associated reduced weight and cost, and phased arrays will enable continuous surveillance. The ability to monitor with high spatial resolution over essentially all wavelengths will allow truly realizing continuous total information systems.
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OPPORTUNITIES IN MICRO- AND NANOTECHNOLOGIES rat ca A · _4 ·_4 at C)
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. The ~30-centimeter-scale SNAP-1 had four ultra-miniature CMOS active pixel array video cameras and a 12-channel GPS navigation system to enable autonomous orbit maneuvers using a simple 50-millinewton cold gas thruster.]
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From page 209... ...
Swapping the CMOS photodiode structure with polysilicon-aluminum micro-thermocouples, also available in the basic CMOS process, would result in a thermal imaging system that could detect the 300 K Earth against the 3 K background of space for use in an Earth horizon sensor.2 Nanosatellites can be fabricated using current techniques, but capable picosatellites and smaller spacecraft will require higher levels of integration. System-on-achip technologies, high-speed serial interfaces and networking, and increased device density due to better packaging (e.g., flip chip-on-a-board)
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From page 210... ...
Possible examples of spacecraft SOCs include Sun and horizon sensors, inertial measurement units (IMUs) composed of MEMS accelerometers and rate gyros, GPS receivers for navigation and attitude determination, and MEMS-based microthruster systems.
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required for microlaunch vehicles enable intercontinental tactical ballistic missiles with sensor or nonnuclear munitions payloads. A 170-pound GLOW, two-stage rocket (about the weight of an AIM-9)
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It may be possible to reduce weight, size, and cost by miniaturizing of sensors, avionics, and inertial measurement units in both the near and the far term. Recent improvements in long-range missile accuracy have resulted in significantly reduced loss of expensive missile-carrying aircraft in combat situations.
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gives MAVs a degree of stealth. FIGURE 6-2-1 The AeroVironment Black Widow micro air vehicle.
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Large numbers flying under the tree canopy or perching in cities may be one solution to finding hidden targets. MEMS-Based Active Aerodynamic Flight Control (Medium to Long Term)
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could exploit advances in microscale sensors and actuators in combination with information technologies to provide local feedback control. Vehicle surfaces would rapidly sense and change airflow boundary layer conditions, a capability now possible with micromechanical devices and continuously increasing computing power.
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