Air Emissions from Animal Feeding Operations Current Knowledge, Future Needs (2003) / Chapter Skim
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8. Conclusions
8. Conclusions
Pages 169-175
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From page 169... ...
Recommendations for a short-term research agenda (four to five years) are intended to provide EPA and USDA with scientifically sound information for their decisions within that time frame.
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From page 170... ...
4, 71~. RECOMMENDATION: These differing effects, concentrations, and spatial distributions lead to a logical plan of action for establishing research priorities to provide detailed scientific information on the contriTABLE 8-1 Committee's Scientific Evaluation of the Potential Importance of AFO Emissions at Different Spatial Scales Global, National, Local, Property Line, Emissions Regional Nearest Dwelling Primary Effects of Concern NH3 Majora Minor Atmospheric deposition, haze N2O Significant Insignificant Global climate change NOx Significant Minor Haze, atmospheric deposition, smog CH4 Significant Insignificant Global climate change VOCsb Insignificant Minor Quality of human life H2S Insignificant Significant Quality of human life PM10C Insignificant Significant Haze PM2.5C Insignificant Significant Health, haze Odor Insignificant Major Quality of human life aRelative importance of emissions from AFOs at spatial scales based on committee's informed judgment on known or potential impacts from AFOs.
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From page 171... ...
· Monitoring should be conducted to measure concentrations of air pollutants with possible health concerns at times when they are likely to be highest and in places where the densities of animals and humans, and typical meteorological conditions, are likely to result in the highest degree of human exposure. ESTIMATING AIR EMISSIONS There is a general paucity of credible scientific information on the effects of mitigation technology on concentrations, rates, and fates of air emissions from AFOs.
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From page 172... ...
· A standardized unit of measurement of odor concentration should be adopted in the United States. Scientifically sound and practical protocols for measuring air concentrations, emission rates, and fates are needed for the various elements (nitrogen, carbon, sulfur)
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· EPA and USDA should investigate the potential use of a process-based model to estimate mass emissions of odorous compounds and potential management strategies to decrease their impacts. · EPA and USDA should commit resources and adapt current or adopt new programs to fill identified gaps in research to improve mathematical process-based models to increase the accuracy and simplicity of measuring and predicting emissions from AFOs (see short-term and long-term research recommendations)
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From page 174... ...
USDA and EPA have not devoted the necessary financial or technical resources to estimate air emissions from AFOs and develop mitigation technologies. The scientific knowledge needed to guide regulatory and management actions requires close cooperation between the major federal agencies (EPA, USDA)
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From page 175... ...
12, 154~. RECOMMENDATIONS: · Short-term research priorities should improve estimates of emissions on individual AFOs including effects of different control technologies: 1.
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