Technology Development for Army Unmanned Ground Vehicles (2002) / Chapter Skim
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2. Operational and Technical Requirements
2. Operational and Technical Requirements
Pages 17-29
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From page 17... ...
Systems Joint Program Office were developing technologies to support unmanned ground vehicles. In planning military operations the warfighter considers hardware capabilities integrated with doctrine, force structure, and training.
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However, to be truly transformational, unmanned ground vehicles need to be at the forefront of the FCS program. At the time of the study, neither the Objective Force Task Force nor the TRADOC had been successful in laying
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arises Platform-centric autonomous ground vehicle (PCAGV) : little need for human control, minimal connectivity requirements while executing its mission Network-centric autonomous ground vehicle (NCAGV)
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Teleoperated ground vehicle Semiautonomous preceder/follower Platform-centric autonomous ground vehicle Network-centric autonomous ground vehicle Mine detection, mine clearing, engineer construction, EOD/UXO, materials handling, soldier-portable reconnaissance/surveillance Supply convoy, medical evacuation, smoke laying, indirect fire, reconnaissance/surveillance, physical security Remote sensor, counter-sniper, counter-reconnaissance/infiltration, indirect fire, single outpost/scout, chemical/biological agent detection, battle damage assessment Deep RSTA, combined arms (lethal direct fire/reconnaissance/indirect fire for small unit defense or offense) , static area defense, MOUT reconnaissance EOD/UXO = explosive ordnance disposal/unexploded ordnance; RSTA = reconnaissance, surveillance, and target acquisition; MOUT = military operations in urban terrain.
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A teleoperated Ground Vehicle Building and Tunnel Searcher ("Searcher") could be of significant assistance in accomplishing these tasks.
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Because the follower UGV would move through a "known environment" that has been successfully traversed by its leader, the leader is assumed to possess the majority of cognitive processes and makes decisions for military maneuvering. The leader would also have some degree of local situational awareness of its following UGVs through sensing modalities similar to those available to an operator of a TGV.
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To preserve bandwidth and minimize signal clutter the Donkey and base station would communicate only as needed. UGV-Human Interface.
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A further military subtlety is the characteristic of "responsible" autonomy, since UGVs capable of lethal weapons require fail-safe interrupt or override mechanisms. For the kinds of robotic vehicle applications Army planners and developers have discussed, the committee decided TABLE 2-4 Donkey: Basic Capabilities for an Example of a Medium-Sized, PrecederlFollower UGV Function Basic Capabilities Mobility Mission packages Communications Human control Automated UGV self-control and decision making Other Human support · Day and night under all but the most extreme weather conditions · Negotiates terrain as well as a current state-of-the-art ATV · Crosses water obstacles up to axle depth · Follows electronic "bread crumb" paths for a round-trip distance of at least 50 km · Variable speed but at least 40 km/in on roads or open terrain · Cargo bed with minimum of 1,000 pounds load capacity to carry logistical supplies between a base station and dismounted troop locations Sensors and range finders that can identify and locate other vehicles and humans .
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Operational Approach. The unmanned Wingman, a medium to large platform-centric autonomous ground vehicle, would be capable of operating day and night under all weather conditions.
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. TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT FOR ARMY UNMANNED GROUND VEHICLES lion, such as rapidly changing location.
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Sophisticated sensors and range finders that allow Wingman to become the Keyes and ears" of its manned section leader · Sophisticated RSTA/BDA package; AIR capable of differentiating between friendly and enemy combat vehicles Non-lethal self-protection package . Secure communication package forms basis for C`electronic tether" control/information sharing between Wingman UGV and human section leader · Near real-time transfer of sensor and other information to section leader Human very easily directs Wingman to new locations and describes tasks to be performed by UGV while en route and upon arrival at new location Human monitors sensor and other input from Wingman · Actively makes go or no-go decisions on all Wingman recommended calls for direct or indirect fire · Electronically directs/overrides Wingman movements into very confined, dangerous, or complex locations .
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Reactions to counterattack would be dependent on the situation but would likely initially include calling for additional indirect TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT FOR ARMY UNMANNED GROUND VEHICLES fire and maneuvering one or more killers to achieve a tactical and firepower advantage over the enemy. The killers would also be provided with decision criteria that would allow them to immediately move from the ambush site to a remote assembly area to await further instructions from the base station.
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From page 29... ...
Sensors able to read detailed terrain, vegetation, obstacle, and other data that can be downloaded upon command to update global databases Stealth capabilities that make enemy detection of any UGV very difficult · Precisely targetable, highly lethal kill systems; "one shot, one-kill" · Lethal self-protection package Secure local area network allows all UGVs to pass information among themselves · Secure wide area network allows team to call for backup support and to communicate with base station as well as other networked systems, both manned and unmanned. · Program various movement, communications, intelligence, rules of engagement, decision making, and other initial inputs · Monitor communications from UGV team for programmed reports or situations requiring human guidance · Override in case of changes in situation Automatic "intelligent" decision making based on programmed human instructions augmented or modified with real-time UGV sensing of the situation Fully automated movement; capable of moving as a team or infiltrating separately Killers able to launch hunters to gather intelligence on terrain, vegetation, obstacles, or human activity Upon arrival at a mission location all UGVs able to close down all energy dependent systems except for the most energy efficient; capable of "waking up" other systems as the situation warrants Only attacks enemy forces that are within its ability to devastatingly destroy; otherwise, follows programmed decision rules · Understands enemy tactics and reacts to enemy actions with coordinated UGV tactics, as necessary Minimum size of one team is 10 medium-sized "killer" UGVs that each internally (in a marsupial fashion)
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