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1. Introduction
Pages 12-19

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From page 12...
... . CONCLUSIONS OF PREVIOUS DETER 4NS AND A GENT ORANGE REPORTS Health Outcome Conclusions LAO, Update 1996, Update 199S, Update 2000, Type 2 Diabetes, and Acute Myelogenous Leukemia provide detailed reviews of the scientific studies evaluated by the committees and their implications for cancer, reproductive and developmental effects, neurobehavioral disorders, and other health effects.
From page 13...
... UnnaIy bladder cancer Renal cancer Testicular cancer Leukemia Skin cancers Spontaneous abortion Birth defects (other than spine bifida) Neonatal or infant death and stillbirth Low birthweight Childhood cancer in offspring, including acute myelogenous leukemia Abnormal sperm characteristics and infertility Cognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders Motor or coordination dysfunction Chronic peripheral nervous system disorders Metabolic and digestive disorders (changes in liver enzymes, lipid abnormalities, ulcers)
From page 14...
... The original committee found sufficient evidence of an association between herbicides and three cancers soft-tissue sarcoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and Hodgkin's disease and two other health outcomes, chioracne and porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT)
From page 15...
... After reconvening to reevaluate the previously reviewed and new literature regarding that illness, the Acute Myelogenous Leukemia report was produced; it reclassified acute myelogenous leukemia in children from "limited or suggestive evidence of an association" to "inadequate evidence to determine whether an association exists". Health Outcomes with Inadequate or Insufficient Evidence to Determine Whether an Association Exists For effects in this category, the available studies are of insufficient quality, consistency, or statistical power to permit a conclusion regarding the presence or absence of an association.
From page 16...
... Most of the evidence on which the findings regarding associations are based, therefore, comes from studies of people exposed to TCDD or herbicides in occupational and environmental settings rather than from studies of Vietnam veterans. The LAO and Update 1996, 199, and 2000 committees found that body of evidence sufficient for reaching conclusions about statistical associations between herbicides and health outcomes, but the lack of adequate data on Vietnam veterans themselves complicated their consideration of the second part of the charge.
From page 17...
... 1994. Veterans and Agent Orange: Health Effects of Herbicides Used in Vietnam Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
From page 18...
... CHOICE OF HEALTH OUTCOMES As discussed in Chapter I, the committee was charged with summarizing the strength of the scientific evidence concernung the association between herbicide exposure dunng Vietnam service and each of a set of diseases or conditions suspected to be associated with such exposure. The legislation (PL 102-4)
From page 19...
... COMMITTEE'S APPROACH TO ITS CHARGE As discussed in Chapter I, the committee is charged with three specific tasks: determining whether a statistical association exists b etween exposure to the herbicides used in Vietnam and health outcomes, determirung the increased risk of effects among Vietnam veterans, and determining whether a plausible biologic mechanism or other causal evidence of a given health outcome exists. This section discusses the committee's approach to each of those tasks.


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