Dietary Reference Intakes Applications in Dietary Planning (2003) / Chapter Skim
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. Dietary assessment using the DRIB, whether for inclivicluals or groups, involves a comparison of usual nutrient intakes with nutrient requirements and examines the probability of inacloquate or excessive intake.
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are a set of nutrient-baseci reference values that expand upon and replace the former Recommencleci Dietary Allowances (RDAs) in the United States and the Recommencleci Nutrient Intakes (RNIs)
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IMPLEMENTATION OF DIETARY PLANNING FOR INDIVIDUALS AND GROUPS Regardless of whether cliets are being planned for inclivicluals or for groups, the goal is to plan usual cliets that are nutritionally aclequate, or stated another way, such that the probability of nutrient inacloquacy or excess is acceptably low. For inclivicluals, the goal of planning is to achieve usual intakes that are close to the Recommencleci Dietary Allowance or the Acloquate Intake (AI)
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4 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES USING DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES TO PLAN DIETS FOR INDIVIDUALS Planning diets for individuals involves two steps. First, appropriate nutrient goals should be set, and second, a dietary plan that the individual will consume must be developed.
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The only DRI available for energy is the EER Estimated energy requirement) , which reflects the estimated average energy expenditure associated with an incliviclual's sex, age, height, weight, and physical activity level.
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have been used to provide fooci-baseci clietary guidance in several ways. These include developing national food guides and clietary guidelines for healthy inclivicluals, providing consumer information on food and supplement labels, and serving as a reference stanciarci for nutrient content and health claims.
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, or is composed of a number of subgroups that differ in nutrient and energy requirements. Planning for Homogeneous Groups The important steps in planning cliets for a homogeneous group include: · selecting the goals, including the acceptable prevalence of inaclequacy and prevalence of intakes at risk of excessive intake, for each nutrient of interest; · estimating the target usual intake distributions for each nutrient; · planning a menu to achieve the target usual intake clistributions; and · assessing the results of the planning.
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This process neecis to be repeated for each nutrient of interest. A target usual nutrient intake distribution has an acceptably low prevalence of inadequate or excessive intakes, as defined by the proportion of individuals in the group with usual intakes less than requirements or greater than the UL.
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Assuming that the shape of the intake distribution does not change as a result of planning, the meclian of the target intake distribution is calculated as the meclian of the current usual intake distribution, plus (or minus) the amount that the distribution neecis to shift to make it the target usual nutrient intake distribution.
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The RDA for zinc for girls is 8 mg/ciay, but the target meclian intake is 10.2 mg/ciay. Thus, selection of the RDA as the meclian of the target usual intake distribution is not recommencleci as it results in a percentage of inacloquacy greater than would likely be selected with more careful consideration.
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After all the nutrient targets have been set, the planner must select foocis that will provide this average level of nutrient intake. To convert nutrient intake targets into food intakes, planners will usually rely on food guides such as the U.S.
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Planning group diets is an iterative, ongoing effort in which planners set goals for usual intake, plan menus to achieve these goals, provide these new menus, assess whether the planning was successful, and then modify their planning procedures accordingly. Planningfor Nonhomogeneous Groups If nutrient or energy requirements (or both)
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of energy. A simple nutrient density approach for heterogeneous groups is to determine the subgroup with the highest target meclian nutrient intake relative to their estimated average energy requirement.
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Because the simple approach floes not consider the distribution of nutrient densities, and the target nutrient density distribution approach is currently untested, it is particularly important to assess nutrient intakes as a final step in the process of planning for groups. SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS When using the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIB)
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Research is neecleci to determine how food offerings relate to food and nutrient intakes, and how the relationship between food offered and intake varies according to planning context. · Develop and evaluate clietary planning strategies for heterogeneous groups, including a nutrient density approach to dietary planning.
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Improving Estimates of Nutrient Requirements · Improve existing estimates of the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) and Recommencleci Dietary Allowance.
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