Microbial Threats to Health Emergence, Detection, and Response (2003) / Chapter Skim
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Glossary
Glossary
Pages 231-240
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From page 231... ...
; indicating relative attraction to humans. Antibiotic chemical substance produced by a microorganism that has the capacity to inhibit the growth of or to kill other microorganisms; antibiotics that are nontoxic to the host are used as chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of infectious diseases.
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From page 232... ...
Antiviral drugs, including interferon, that stimulate cellular defenses against viruses, reducing cell DNA synthesis and making cells more resistant to viral genes, enhancing cellular immune responses or suppressing their replication. Arbovirus shortened form of arthropod-borne virus.
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From page 233... ...
Category A high-priority agents include organisms that pose a risk to national security because they can be easily disseminated or transmitted person-to-person, cause high mortality, with potential for major public health impact, might cause public panic and social disruption, and require special action for public health preparedness. These diseases include anthrax, botulism, plague, smallpox, tularemia, and viral hemorrhagic fevers.
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From page 234... ...
can result in a change in the product. Communicable disease an illness due to a specific infectious agent or its toxic products that arises though transmission of that agent or its products from an infected person, animal, or inanimate reservoir to a susceptible host; either directly or indirectly through an intermediate plant or animal host, vector, or inanimate environment; infectious disease.
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From page 235... ...
. Genomics a branch of biotechnology concerned with applying the techniques of genetics and molecular biology to the genetic mapping and DNA sequencing of sets of genes or the complete genomes of selected organisms using high-speed methods, organizing the results in databases, and with applications of the data (as in medicine or biology)
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From page 236... ...
Hemorrhagic fever a group of diverse, severe epidemic viral infections of worldwide distribution but occurring especially in tropical countries, that are usually transmitted to humans by arthropod bites or contact with virus-infected rodents or monkeys and that share common clinocopathological features (e.g., fever, hemorrhaging, shock, thrombocytopenia, neurological disturbances)
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From page 237... ...
Monoclonal antibodies constitute a pure population because they are procluceci by a single clone in vitro and are chemically and structurally iclentical. Mutation a transmissible change in the genetic material of an organism, usually in a single gene.
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From page 238... ...
Resistance the sum total of body mechanisms that interpose barriers to the invasion or multiplication of infectious agents, or to damage by their toxic products. Retrovirus any of large family of RNA viruses that includes lentiviruses and oncoviruses, so called because they carry reverse transcriptase.
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From page 239... ...
Vaccine a preparation of purified polypeptide, protein or polysaccharide, or DNA or of killed microorganisms, living attenuated organisms, or living virulent or crude or purified organisms that is administered to produce or artificially increase immunity to a particular disease.
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From page 240... ...
Transmission may be by injection of salivary gland fluid during biting, or by regurgitation or deposition on the skin of feces or other material capable of penetrating through the bite wound or through an area of trauma from scratching or rubbing. This transmission is by an infected nonvertebrate host and not simple mechanical carriage by a vector or vehicle.
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