Safety is Seguridad A Workshop Summary (2003) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix D: White Paper on Hispanic Workers in the United States: An Analysis of Employment Distributions, Fatal Occupational Injuries, and Non-fatal Occupational Injuries and Illnesses
Appendix D: White Paper on Hispanic Workers in the United States: An Analysis of Employment Distributions, Fatal Occupational Injuries, and Non-fatal Occupational Injuries and Illnesses
Pages 43-82
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From page 43... ...
and presents an overview of the available surveillance data for fatal work injuries and non-fatal occupational injuries and illnesses for Hispanic workers. The data are from the Bureau of Labor Statistics' Occupational Safety and Health Statistics (OSHS)
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Census Bureau Growth of Hispanic Population by State When looking at increases in the Hispanic population by state over the last decade (including both immigrant and non-immigrant Hispanics) , it is clear that the states with traditionally large Hispanic populations continued to show the greatest numerical growth.
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In looking at the growth of Hispanic population in terms of percent change since 1990, evidence of strong growth in states not traditionally associated with large Hispanic populations emerges. Table C presents a list of the 10 states with the largest percent change in population since 1990 (Census Bureau, 2000~.
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However, the metropolitan areas with the largest percentage increases between 1990 and 2000 were again ones that may not be traditionally associated with large Hispanic populations. The top three fastest growing Hispanic communities are in North Carolina.
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Hispanic men also make up a high percentage of the very small private household industry. Hispanic women accounted for 29.4 percent of female private household workers, a percentage that is far higher than their overall percentage of female employment.
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. Total _ 100.0 Total Total Agriculture, forestry, and fishing Mining Construction Durable goods Nondurable goods Transportation and public utilities Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Service industries Private household Public administration Total Agriculture, forestry, and fishing Mining Construction Durable goods Nondurable goods Transportation and public utilities Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Service industries Private household Public administration Total 133,387 71,477 2,582 494 8,114 8,936 4,811 6,786 3,623 10,884 3,625 18,230 80 3,313 61,909 878 75 866 3,403 3,098 2,748 1,611 11,419 5,090 29,228 854 2,640 SOURCE: Generated from the microdata White N on Hispanic 99,053 .
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2,566.3 29.5 731.0 19.~. 599.2 307.8 71.1 45.2 31.2 9.6 2.8 12.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 300.3 34.9 111.4 21.5 52.3 301.8 30.1 50.1 18.6 29.2 207.3 44.2 28.4 20.7 41.8 194.4 25.8 86.4 22.2 58.8 134.4 30.1 49.1 24.1 27.5 469.2 34.g 132.1 18.9 163.1 62.9 14.5 33.3 15.3 46.9 519.2 20.3 173.4 17.0 152.5 8.1 45.6 1.2 22.7 1.5 58.0 16.6 20.5 10.8 15.9 13.4 12.7 0.0 12.3 7.8 18.1 12.0 14.0 22.4 12.7 1,653 g9.7 28.0 316.3 148.7 139.0 148.7 75.2 28g.5 49.4 11.5 302.3 30.6 4.3 6.4 52.7 30.6 41.1 24.1 47.8 27.7 37.7 25.4 27.3 34.7 20.3 23.0 60.3 24.3 Women Total Agriculture, forestry and fishing Mining Construction Durable goods Nondurable goods Transportation and public utilities Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance, insurance and real estate Service industries Private household Public administration 1,707.6 24.1 519.9 15.9 471.6 12.0 54.6 45.3 6.8 15.2 0.5 1.9 1.0 48.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.4 13.8 5.3 9.1 2.6 6.9 119.9 27.6 21.0 20.5 19.6 12.2 156.3 46.5 26.4 27.3 42.0 20.2 60.0 19.4 35.8 21.2 25.0 14.1 67.0 27.8 24.4 26.0 10.4 10.7 311.9 26.2 102.1 15.2 76.5 12.9 83.1 14.8 48.3 14.7 38.2 10.6 679.0 20.4 217.4 14.5 217.5 10.6 112.6 64.0 20.1 40.7 28.7 35.1 49.7 17.4 12.4 8.1 10.5 6.7 .
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Among service occupations, Hispanic women are over-represented in private household occupations, while black women are over-represented in protective service jobs. The bulk of employment in the service occupation summary group is in "other service occupations," where both black and Hispanic women make up higher fractions than they do of all jobs.
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APPENDIXD 51 TABLE F Employment by Gender, Race, Hispanic Ethnics and Occupational Group, 19982000 (Annual Average of All Civilian Workers Age 16 and Older) Total Total Managerial and professional specialty Executive, administrative, and managerial Professional specialty Technical, sales, and administrative support Technicians and related support Sales Administrative support, including clerical Service occupations Private household Protective service Other service occupations Precision production, craft, and repair Mechanics and repairers Construction trades Other precision production, craft, and repair Operators, fabricators, and laborers Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors Transportation and material moving Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers Farming, forestry and fishing Employment (000s)
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.. _ 61,909 45,721 7,760 5,647 100.0 73.9 12.5 19,812 15,984 1,892 1,004 100.0 80.7 9.5 8,756 7,038 831 491 100.0 80.4 9.5 11,056 8,946 1,061 513 100.0 80.9 9.6 24,908 18,806 2,997 2,098 100.0 75.5 12.0 2,271 1,721 278 149 100.0 75.8 12.2 8,051 6,144 855 684 100.0 76.3 10.6 14,586 10,940 1,864 1,265 100.0 75.0 12.8 10,823 6,908 1,947 1,499 100.0 63.8 18.0 783 405 107 243 100.0 51.7 13.7 449 270 133 33 100.0 60.2 29.6 9,592 6,233 1,707 1,223 100.0 65.0 17.8 1,287 862 160 171 100.0 67.0 12.5 226 163 32 18 100.0 71.9 14.3 139 108 13 14 100.0 78.0 9.1 922 591 115 139 100.0 64.1 12.5 4,397 2,622 744 771 100.0 59.6 16.9 2,785 1,554 475 556 100.0 55.8 17.1 549 386 109 41 100.0 70.4 19.9 1,064 682 ~ 159 174 100.0 64.1 15.0 682 539 19 104 100.0 79.0 2.9 SOURCE: Generated from the microdata of the Current Population Survey, 1998-2000.
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Fatal work injury rates for Hispanic workers have ranged from a low of 5.1 fatal work injuries per 100,000 Hispanic workers in 1997 to a high of 5.6 per 100,000 in 2000. The fatal work injury rate in 2000 for Hispanic workers was 33 percent higher than the rate for nonHispanic workers and rates for Hispanic workers have been consistently higher than the overall national fatality rate for the period covered by this study.
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and agriculture (625 fatalities) accounted for 43 percent of the fatal work injuries involving Hispanic workers (see Table Led.
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IT; I_ ~~ ~~ _~_ ~ an, i _ i_ 707 678 114 43 14 4s 22 17 2 44 44 122 78 5 13 6 s 6 9 79 75 9 7 12 41 29 12 64 4 15 23 6 10 9 82 24 16 34 10 45 47 s 25 15 10 61 16 6 23 6 11 7 76 29 11 10 ~ 14 14 Ivy. villas Cat ~~artrilt;nt o1 LaDor, Oureau OI Lanor Statistics, Census ot~Fatal Occupational ~juries.
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. TABLE J Number and percent distribution of fatally injured Hispanic workers by occupation, United States, 1995-2000 Number Percent Total # Hispanic workers 4,167 100 Operators, fabricators, and laborers 1,745 42 Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, laborers 882 21 Construction laborers 490 12 Laborers, excluding construction 239 6 Transportation and material moving 652 16 Motor vehicle operators 512 12 Truck drivers 413 10 Precision production 822 20 Construction trades 519 12 Roofers 105 3 Carpenters, apprentices 92 2 Mechanics, repairers 178 4 Vehicle, mobile equipment repair 88 2 Farming, forestry, fishing 626 15 Other agriculture related occupation 547 13 Farm workers 343 8 Groundskeepers, gardeners 143 3 Service occupations 356 9 Service occupations, excluding protective, household 206 5 Cleaning and building service occupations except household 106 3 Protective service occupations.
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recorded 53 of the 70 fatal work injuries in service occupations. TABLE K Percent Distnbution of Fatal Occupational Injuries Involving Hispanic Workers by Gender and Event, United States, 1995-2000 All Hispanic All Workers Male Total number Transportation incidents Highway incidents Struck by vehicle, mobile equipment Non-highway incidents Assaults and violent acts Homicides Self-inflicted injury Contact with objects or equipment Struck by object Caught in or compressed -Caught in or crushed in collapsing materials Falls Falls to lower level Exposure to harmful substances or environments Electrocution Fires and explosions .
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. Relative risks are especially high for Hispanic women in transportation and matenal moving occupations and farming, forestry, and fishing occupations.
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Black NonHispanic 0.15 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.12 0.28 0.06 0.17 0.17 , 0.37 0.14 1.05 0.67 Hispanic 0.18 0.14 0.10 0.19 0.15 0.24 0.11 0.18 0.17 0.24 0.23 0.09 1.92 0.30 0.82 NOTE: Relative risks for "other non-Hispanics" not reported. SOURCE: Calculated from the Bureau of Labor Statistics Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries and the Current Population Survey.
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Table N compares standardized and unstandardized relative risks of fatality for gender and race/ethnicity groups. Standardization at the major occupational group level has different effects for Hispanic men and for Hispanic women.
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SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries. Foreign-Born Hispanic Workers Foreign-born workers appear to bear a disproportionate share of the fatal work injury burden among Hispanic workers.
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SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries. Event Industry TABLE P Percent Distribution of Fatal Work Injunes for All Hispanic Workers, Foreign-born Hispanic Workers, and Native-bon ~ Hispanic Workers by Event, U.S., ]
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Two out of every three fatal work injuries from 1995 through 2000 involving Hispanic workers occurred in these five states. As mentioned previously, about 50 percent of the Hispanics in the United States live in either California or Texas and those two states accounted for nearly the same percentage of the fatal work injuries (49 percent)
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also recorded higher numbers of fatal work injuries. All five of these states reported highs in the number of Hispanic worker fatalities in 2000: North Carolina (22 fatal work injuries)
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and laborers" and "technical, sales and administrative support" ranked' second and third for Hispanic women. Seven occupations that rank in the top 10 in number of non-fatal injuries and illnesses to Hispanic men also appear in the list of the 10 occupations with the most fatalities.
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Thus, the non-fatal relative risks are all relative to the rate of injuries to all private industry workers excluding those industnes listed above. As with fatalities Hispanic men have a higher risk of non-fatal workplace injury or illness than any gender/race/ethnicity group (see Table V)
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Dashes signify a relative risk based on fewer than 500 cases. Relative risks for "other non-Hispanics" not reported.
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For both Hispanic women and all women, the highest relative risks are for transportation and material-moving occupations and for handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers. Hispanic men have higher non-fatal relative risks than all men do in each major industry division (see Table W)
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Non-fatal Occupational Injury and TUness Characteristics Besides providing information on the number of cases with days away from work, the Survey of Occupational Injuries and Ilinesses provides information on each case, including its nature (e.g., fracture, sprain, etc.) , event (e.g.
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Dashes signify fewer than 500 cases. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses.
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Hispanic women were less likely to suffer Tom a transportation accident or an assault or other violent act. Duration of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses When a Hispanic worker suffers an injury with days away Tom work, that injury is likely to last longer than for other workers.
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SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses.
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The annual Survey of Occupational Injuries and Ilinesses (SOTI) is a mandatory survey that collects data on non-fatal workplace injuries and illnesses Mom a stratified random sample of approximately 176,000 private industry establishments.
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We calculated relative fatality risks using counts of fatalities from 1998 to 2000 drawn from the CFOT and hours worked estimates from the CPS. Non-fatal relative risks were calculated using estimated numbers of injury and illness cases with days away from work.
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The relative risk analysis of non-fatal injuries and illnesses is narrower in scope than the analysis of fatalities. The non-fatal survey applies only to private industry workers, so that the self-employed, government workers and private household workers are excluded.
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The one exception is the census industry "not specified manufacturing industries," which maps into neither durable or nondurable manufacturing. We mapped the few CPS observations for this industry into the SIC industry "miscellaneous manufacturing industries" (SIC 39)
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. Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries The Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOp collects detailed information on all workrelated fatalities resulting from injury during a given year, including demographic data such as employee work status, gender, age, race or ethnic origin; occupation information; employment industry; the event or exposure causing the fatality; the sources of the injury; the activity of the worker during the time of the incident; and the location in which the fatal injury took place.
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This program contributes surveillance data for prevention activities to reduce the burden of coal workers' pneumoconiosis and related lung diseases. · Hispanic Population of the United States from the Current Population Survey The CPS core survey is the primary source of information on the employment characteristics of the civilian non-institutional population, ages ~ 6 and older, including estimates of unemployment released every month by the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
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For more information see |
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· Survey of Income and Program Participation The S1EPP collects detailed information on income, labor force participation, participation in government assistance programs, and general demographic characteristics to measure the effectiveness of existing government programs, to estimate future costs and coverage of government programs, and to provide statistics on the distribution of income in the United States. In addition, topical modules provide detailed information on a variety of subjects, including health insurance, child care, adult and child well-being, marital and fertility history, and education and training.
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APPENDIX D 81 immigrants, non-immigrants (temporary visitors) , parolees, refugees, and those seeking asylum, as well as those naturalized or apprehended.
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Department of Commerce, Census Bureau.
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