IT Roadmap to a Geospatial Future (2003) / Chapter Skim
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Executive Summary
Executive Summary
Pages 1-9
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This report outlines an interdisciplinary research roadmap at the intersection of computer science and geospatial information science. The report was developed by a committee convened by the Computer Science and Telecommunications Board of the National Research Council, in response to requests from the National Science Foundation, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the Environmental Protec1
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For example, Smart Dust sensors (devices that combine microelectromechanical sensors with wireless communication, processing, and batteries into a package about a cubic millimeter in size) can be deployed along remote mountain roads to determine the velocity and direction of passing vehicles or can be attached to animals to record where they travel.
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Some of the research would address issues raised by the intrinsic characteristics of geospatial data. Other research would have broader applicability in computer science, but applications involving geospatial data also would benefit significantly from advances in this area.
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1ne committee believes that location information needs to become a public commodity to motivate scenarios such as the ones outlined in Chapter 1. However, the policy and social implications of improving the accessibility of geospatial information will depend on complementary mechanisms, such as advanced technical support for reliable user identification and authentication to guarantee privacy and security.
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It would include reliable and cost-effective techniques for discovering resources as they come in and out of service, partitioning and off-loading computation, and delivering information to caching sites near current or predicted future locations. Protocols and mechanisms to authenticate and certify the location of an individual at any given time also will be required, as will adaptation techniques for handling situations when location information becomes stale, is unavailable, or is deliberately withheld.
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Research is needed to develop query languages that can reference not only the past known locations of objects but also their predicted future locations. Novel indexing schemes must be developed that can handle properties of geospatial data such as continuous evolution and uncertainty.
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Applying traditional data mining techniques to geospatial data can lead to patterns that are biased or that do not fit the data well. A key challenge in improving the accessibility and usability of geospatial information is to develop a software system that could assist the human expert in the data mining process by locating relevant spatiotemporal data sets, process models, and data mining algorithms; identifying appropriate fits; performing conversions when necessary; applying the models and algorithms; and reporting the resulting patterns (e.g., correlations, regularities, outliers)
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Basic research also is needed to address the larger issue of information perceptualization that is, how to represent extremely complex information using surface texture and sound as well as visual attributes. Methods and algorithms are needed that support more natural and direct manipulation of high-resolution displays of very large data sets and of complex process models in real time.
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In emergency-response situations, these capabilities must be available in real time. MOVING FORWARD The convergence of advances in location-aware computing, databases and knowledge discovery, and human interaction technologies, combined with the increasing quality and quantity of geospatial information, can transform our world.
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