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Cities Transformed Demographic Change and Its Implications in the Developing World (2003) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix E: Measuring Relative Poverty with DHS Data
Pages 499-502

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From page 499...
... (Hewett and Montgomery, 2001, compare results from confirmatory factor analysis with those from principal components analysis and find little empirical difference between them.) For each DHS survey, we classified as "relatively poor" those urban households whose index scores fell into the lowest quartile of the urban scores for that survey.
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From page 500...
... Having decided to estimate separate indices for urban and rural households, we were left with little alternative but to rank households within their sectors of residence. One advantage of such sector-specific relative poverty measures is that they retain their meaning when we make comparisons across countries at different levels of income per capita, whereas absolute poverty measures would be too closely associated with national income per capita to allow for meaningful comparisons.
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From page 501...
... MEASURING RELATIVE POVERTY WITH DHS DATA 501 TABLE E-1 Urban Migrant-Nonmigrant Differences in Poverty and Access to Services, All Recent Migrants, by Region Access to Piped or DHS Surveys Relatively In-home Flush in Region Poor Water Toilet Electricity Migrant Proportion Less Nonmigrant Proportion North Africa 0.015 0.037 0.011 - 0.016 Sub-Saharan Africa 0.009 0.029 0.042 0.025 Southeast Asia 0.035 0.036 0.056 0.042 South, Central, West Asia 0.014 0.035 0.042 0.062 Latin America 0.054 - 0.018 0.001 - 0.015 TOTAL 0.022 0.021 0.031 0.023 Number of Surveys and Significance North Africa Surveys Significant Significant migrant disadvantage Sub-Saharan Africa Surveys Significant Significant migrant disadvantage Southeast Asia Surveys Significant Significant migrant disadvantage 1 0 0 South, Central, West Asia Surveys Significant Significant migrant disadvantage 2 0 Latin America Surveys Significant Significant migrant disadvantage TOTALS Surveys Significant Significant migrant disadvantage 6 3 2 o 39 8 5 36 13 4 4 o o o 33 16 3 2 11 9 10 5 4 4 18 10 10 78 25 19 o o 35 6 3 1 o 6 4 o 14 16 3 66 64 21 25 3 9 3 3 54 14 4 NOTE: Estimates and tests from probit models, adjusted for city size and woman's age.
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From page 502...
... 502 CITIES TRANSFORMED TABLE E-2 Urban Migrant-Nonmigrant Differences in Poverty and Access to Services, by Type of Origin Area and Region Access to DHS Surveys in Region North Africa Surveys Disadvantage, city origin Disadvantage, town origin Disadvantage, rural origin Sub-Saharan Africa Surveys Disadvantage, city origin Disadvantage, town origin Disadvantage, rural origin Southeast Asia Surveys Disadvantage, city origin Disadvantage, town origin Disadvantage, rural origin South, Central, West Asia Surveys Disadvantage, city origin Disadvantage, town origin Disadvantage, rural origin Latin America Surveys Disadvantage, city origin Disadvantage, town origin Disadvantage, rural origin TOTALS Surveys Disadvantage, city origin Disadvantage, town origin Disadvantage, rural origin Relatively Poor Piped or In-home Water Flush Toilet Electricity 6 o o 5 3 o o o o o 33 32 29 31 2 o 9 4 4 O O 2 0 0 2 0 0 7 5 7 o o o 1 15 12 13 5 65 56 5 2 10 0 33 14 o o o o o 11 11 o o 54 45 o 20 15 3 o o o 3 o o o 7 o 4 o 2 NOTE: Estimates and tests from probit models, adjusted for city size and woman's age.
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Key Terms

  • consumer durables
  • dhs surveys
  • relative poverty
  • components analysis
  • principal components

  • poverty measures
  • lowest quartile
  • housing measures
  • factor analysis
  • rural households

  • relative living
  • separate indices
  • consistently defined
  • meaningful comparisons
  • empirical difference

  • closely associated
  • durables differs
  • index scores
  • confirmatory factor
  • water supply

  • estimate separate
  • urban households
  • durables items
  • dhs indicators
  • index common

  • single score
  • poor countries
  • relatively poor
  • rank households
  • proxy measures


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