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From page 515... ... Index A Abidjan, 225, 391-394 Abortion rates, 219-220 Absolute poverty, 180-184 numbers of urban residents living in, 2 research focused on, 287-288 Access to services, 2, 167-180, 196, 251-255 decentralization of reproductive health services, 251-253 differences by city size, 172-174 examples of intracity differentials in water supply, 178 factors blocking, 253-254 improving the quality and accessibility of care, 253-254 measures of in the demographic and health surveys, 170 need to improve data systems on, 4 poverty among the underserved migrants, 176-177 services and the poor, 174-176 Accidents, higher urban rates of, 263 Accra, Ghana, 178, 180, 213, 220, 260, 286-287 Adaptation hypothesis, regarding migrants, 243 Addis Ababa, 231 Adult educational attainment, rural and urban areas, 162 Africa cities of more than 750,000 population in, 100 colonial background of, 100-101 marginalized in new global economy, 101-102 population doubling in, 12 population growth in cities and towns of, 3 urban population change in, 99-102 515 urbanization decoupled from industrialization, 82 Agency for International Development, 402 Agglomeration economies, 307-312 Aggregate census-based method, 121 AIDS awareness, variation within urban settings in, 5 Albania, 66 American Community Survey, 483 Argentina, 95 Arms dealing, 347 Asia cities of more than 750,000 population in, 103 HIV levels in, 224 population doubling in, 12 population growth in cities and towns of, 3 population trends in, 91 urban population change in, 102-106 See also Pacific Asia Asian Development Bank's Cities Data Book, 168 Asian "triangles," 79 Aspatial analysis of poverty, 232-238, 302 Assets, 4, 62, 165 Authority dimension of urban governance, 390-401 B Bangalore, 49, 150 Bangalore Urban Poverty Alleviation Programme (BUPP) , 49 Bangkok, 19, 357-362, 481 characterization of main zones in the extended metropolitan region of, 362 Read the entire page →
From page 516... ... See Core-based statistical area classification Census-based method aggregate, 121 problem of intervals, 355 Centralized model, of urban governance, 361, 407 Chandigarh, India, 194 Chiang Mai, Thailand, 246 "Chicago School," 30 Child mortality, 127, 278-282, 295-297 "Child quality," 34-35 Child trafficking, 347 Children's health, 272-278, 296 Children's lives, 188-195 China, 337-338, 343-344 changing urban definitions in, 134 Cultural Revolution in, 145, 307 family planning needs in, 245 foreign direct investment in, 78 household registration system in, 327 impact of national economic restructuring on rural populations near cities, 63 a predominantly rural country, 104 rising inequalities in urban incomes, 7, 183-184 urban boundaries in, 317 Chronic"lifestyle" diseases, 268-269 Circular migration, 225 Cities amid global forces, 76-81 characteristics of, 10 Read the entire page →
From page 517... ... classification, 482-483 Coronary heart disease, 263 Cote d'Ivoire, 160 Countries covered by DHS surveys, 490 Crime rates, 56 "Crisis-led" fertility, 226, 230 Cultural conflict, 38 Cultural Revolution, 145 Cumulative measures, 112 Currencies, world markets in, 80 D Dakar, 205 Dakshinpuri, India, 240, 242 DALY. See Disability-adjusted life year predictions Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, 178, 186, 269 Data systems need to computerize, 147, 356 need to improve, 4 Decentralization, 64-66, 95, 390, 408, 411 Deconcentration, 313-317 Definition and measurement issues, 128-141 Delhi, 105 Demand for manufactured goods and services, income elasticity of, 302 Democratization, 95 Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) Read the entire page →
From page 518... ... See Demographic and Health Surveys Diffusion, 5 Disability-adjusted life year (DALY) predictions, 264-266, 269 Disease spectrum, 262-272, 297 chronic"lifestyle" diseases, 268-269 injuries, 265-267 mental health, 267-268 new and reemergent communicable diseases, 269-270 the urban penalty, 270-272 See also Communicable diseases Diseconomies of proximity, 56 Disruption hypothesis, regarding migrants, 243 Diversity, 204, 315 ability of local governments to cope with, 8 dimension in urban governance, 378-384 in economic interactions, 51-57 effects of, 54 in Manila, 383-384 in Rio de Janeiro, 380-381 in Sao Paulo, 381-383 spatial theories of, 20, 52-56 See also Socioeconomic diversity and inequality Doi Moi program, 244 Drinking water, measures of access to, 170 Drug trafficking, 347 E Earnings inequality case studies, 340-343 Brazil, 340-341 INDEX China, 343 Taiwan, 342-343 East Asia, 88, 94n Economic crises, 66, 230, 282-283 in cities of Kazakhstan, 283 fertility transitions and, 226-231 Economic resources, concentrated in cities, 2 "Ecumenopolis." See Beijing-Seoul-Tokyo Education, 4, 196-197, 248-249 dropout rates, 350 "Efficiency wage" models, 325n Electricity, 4, 63, 170, 505 Elite neighborhoods, 19 Employment See Urban labor markets EMRs. Read the entire page →
From page 519... ... Guayaquil, Ecuador, 178 H Habitat II, 402 Hanoi, Vietnam, 255 Havana, 220, 373 Hazards. See Environmental hazards Health, 1-2, 22-23, 40-41, 70, 297, 299 See also Communicable diseases; Reproductive health services Health service provision, 289-295 HIV/AIDS epidemic, 222-226, 282-283 Homicides, 266, 386 Hong Kong, 77, gin, 94, 102, 338 Household age composition, in rural and urban areas, 131 Household registration system, 327 Household relations, social capital in, 388-390 Household structure, factors disrupting, 194 Housing, 50, 73, 364 HPI. Read the entire page →
From page 520... ... See Indian Remote Sensing satellites J Jakarta, Indonesia, 19, 145, 235n Jordan, 150-151 Jos, Nigeria, 220 Jurisdictional conflicts, 404-405, 408 K Kaplan-Meier estimator, 278 Karachi, Pakistan, 105, 145, 220, 238, 240, 257 Kazakhstan, 283, 333, 351-352 Kelley-Williamson, 304 Kenya, 36, 321-322 Kinshasa, Zaire, 237 Kitwe, Zambia, 139, 141 Korea, 59, 314 Kuala Lumpur, 77 Kumasi, Ghana, 179 Kuwait, 150 INDEX Lagos, 14, 99, 142 Lahore, Pakistan, 240 "Land invasions," 74 Landslides, 187 Large cities, 84-89 in the countries covered by DHS surveys, 494 unique needs of, 16 Larkana, Pakistan, 255 Latin America cities of more than 750,000 population in, 97 HIV levels in, 224 homicide levels in, 266, 386 migration rates in, 91 population doubling in, 12 population growth in cities and towns of, 3 social and environmental movements in, 390 urban growth slowing in, 98 urban population change in, 96-99 urbanization in, 12, 87, 95 Lesotho, 292 Ley de Participacion Popular, 374, 390 Local participation, in Chinese cities, 399-401 Localization economies, 308-311 "Localization effects," 53n, 54 Location, 29-74 city systems and city-regions, 58-64 dimensions in which urban environments differ from rural, 70 from government to governance, 64-67 intergovernmental transfers and targeted social assistance, 66 neighborhoods and demographic behavior theory, 34-40 neighborhoods and larger structures, 46-49 new conceptualizations needed, 412 social capital, 40-42 spatial segregation, 42-46 spatial theories of, 52-56 sustaining diversity in, 51-57 the urban/rural divide, 67-74 using multiple data sources to define KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa, 246, 330 urbanness in Cairo, 69 Kyrgyzstan, 188, 333, 351 L Labor force, urban economy and, 6-7, 23-25, 57, 300-354 Locational price differences and nonfood needs, 180-183 adjusting poverty rates for geographic differences in prices in the United States, 181 Read the entire page →
From page 521... ... See Maternal mortality rates Mongolia, 232 Monterrey, Mexico, 178 Mortality and morbidity in cities, 5-6, 22-23, 259-299 boosting the contribution of natural increase to urban growth, 3 child survival and child health, 295-297 crisis in Russia, social capital and, 41 crude death rates by neighborhood in Accra, 260 the disease spectrum, 262-272, 297 distinctive aspects of urban health, 262 health service provision and treatment seeking, 289-295 a penalty for the urban poor, 284-289 Read the entire page →
From page 522... ... , 48, 71, 167 National statistical systems, 303 Natural disasters, 74 Natural increase, contributing to urban growth, 3 "Natural neighborhoods," 31-32 Neighborhoods, 31-51 clustering, common resources, and contagion, 36-37 and demographic behavior theory, 34 40 elite, 19 federation of low-income groups in Mumbai, Pacific Asia 48 influence on fertility decisions, 5 and larger structures, 46-49 need for data on, 8 participatory urban poverty programs in Bangalore, 49 services and the physical environment, 39-40 social comparisons and subculture conflict, 38-39 social learning via social networks, 35-36 Neoliberalism, 365 Neo-Malthusians, 23 Neo-Marxist functionalists, 332n Nepal, 255 Network effects, 56 See also Periurban networks; Rural networks; Social networks INDEX New York City, 77, 80, 85, 87 Newly industrializing economies (NIEs) Read the entire page →
From page 523... ... , 242n Residual earnings variance in Brazil's largest cities, 341 in Taiwan, 342 "Residual" method, 120-121 Respiratory disease, higher rural rates of, 263 "Reverse polarization," 98 Rio de Janeiro, 17, 85, 96, 285, 380-381 HIV levels in, 225 Read the entire page →
From page 524... ... See Family Planning Service Expansion and Technical Support (SEATS) project Sectoral influences, 304-307 industrialization and social capital in Indonesia, 306 versus spatial, 302 Security dimension in urban governance, 384-390 Selectivity hypothesis, regarding migrants, 243 Self-medication, 290 Seoul, 102 Services blocks to delivery of, 252-253 and the physical environment, 39-40 provision of better in cities than rural areas, 196 public versus private, 289 recommendations regarding delivery of, 198 See also Access to services Sex workers, HIV prevalence among, 224 Sexual networks, urban, 207, 261 Sexual unions, and first marriage, 212-214 Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) Read the entire page →
From page 525... ... See Society for the Promotion of Area Resource Centres Spatial aspects of diversity and inequality, need to attend to, 20 Spatial Reconcentration, 313-317 Spatial influences, 157-160, 203, 307-312 versus sectoral, 302 Spatial proximity, 204 Spatial segregation, 42-46 Spatial theories, 52-56 producer services and high-skill labor markets, 55 Spatially concentrated poverty, 232, 238-242 urban/rural differences in maternal mortality in Pakistan, 241 Spatially disaggregated data, 412-413 Special Economic Zones (SEZs) , 77, 104 "Splintering urbanism," 379 Squatter settlements expanded by migrants into cities, 2 projects to upgrade, 364 Standard metropolitan areas (SMAs) Read the entire page →
From page 526... ... See Traditional birth attendants Technological change, 2 Kelley-Williamson simulations of, 304 skill-bias in, 305 urban labor force dependent on, 352 Technological externalities, 51 Tegucigalpa, 224-225 Temporary migrants, versus permanent, 328 INDEX TFRs. See Total fertility rates Thailand groups of the poor in, 48 growing rates of per capita income in, 94 newly industrializing economies in, 102 Time costs, 165 Todaro and Harris-Todaro models, 323-327 Tokyo, 77, 80, 85, 87 Total fertility rates (TFRs) Read the entire page →
From page 527... ... , 164n, 357 United Nations Habitat, Urban Management Program, 402 "United Nations method." See Urban/rural growth difference method Unmet need for contraception, and unintended fertility, 216-221 Upward mobility, expectations of, 327n Urban adolescents, 247-251 Urban advantage, 5-6 calling into question, 5 demographic bonus, 352 little significant erosion in for children, 296-297 in reproductive health, 238, 257 Urban age structure, 128 Urban agglomerations, 52, 86, 136 Urban areas access to services, 168-172 children's height and weight in, 272-274, 296 current use of modern contraceptives in, 216 environmental problems in, 262 infant and child mortality for rural and urban areas, 127 527 infant and child mortality in, 280 levels of fertility and mortality, 125-128 measures of access to basic public services, 170 poverty-related problems in, 262 school enrollments in, 188-191 Urban bias, 317-319 Urban concepts, specifying in World Urbanization Prospects, 416 "Urban corridors," formation of in Pacific Asia, 78 Urban definitions allowing comparisons of alternative, 415 in the countries with a DHS survey, 490-493 inconsistent, 132-135 Urban diseconomies, 98 Urban economy and labor force, 6-7, 23-25, 57, 300-354 earnings inequality case studies, 340-343 economic returns to schooling, 319-322 global links and local outcomes, 343-352 informalization, 331-340 migration and economic mobility, 322-331 sectoral influences, 304-307 spatial Reconcentration, 313-317 spatial influences, 307-312 Urban family planning programs, 107 Urban future, 11-14 Urban governance, 7-8, 25, 355-409 the authority dimension, 390-401 a "best" model of urban metropolitan governance, 401-406 the capacity dimension, 363-371 the concept of urban governance, 357-362 the diversity dimension, 378-384 the financial resources dimension, 371-378 major challenges of urban governance in developing countries, 363-401 the security dimension, 384-390 Urban growth, 3, 93, 111, 114-117, 486 Urban health, distinctive features of, 259 Urban labor force consequences of rapid growth in, 6 dependent on technological change and capital formation, 352 Urban labor markets, 331-340, 343-352 Urban Management Program, 402 Urban migrants, 123-124, 126 Urban penalty, 259-260, 270-272, 284-289 Read the entire page →
From page 528... ... See Urban/rural growth difference method U.S. Bureau of the Census, 95, 482 American Community Survey, 483 HIV/AIDS Surveillance Data Base, 224 International Programs Center, 413 User fee issue, 292-293 V Vietnam, migration in, 244 "Vigilance committees," 374 Violent crime, 266 Read the entire page →
From page 529... ... , 211, 226-227, 229, 261, 282, 299, 411 World Health Organization, 186n, 267, 292 529 World population growth, 1, 3-4, 108-154 concentrated in urban areas, 82-84, 106 distribution by urban/rural and national income level, 13 World Urbanization Prospects, 26, 109, 135-139, 142, 152, 414-416, 487, 489, 496, 504 X Xiamen, 104 z Zambia, 224, 283, 348-349 Zhuhai, 104 Zimbabwe, 237, 293 Read the entire page →

From page 515...

... Index A Abidjan, 225, 391-394 Abortion rates, 219-220 Absolute poverty, 180-184 numbers of urban residents living in, 2 research focused on, 287-288 Access to services, 2, 167-180, 196, 251-255 decentralization of reproductive health services, 251-253 differences by city size, 172-174 examples of intracity differentials in water supply, 178 factors blocking, 253-254 improving the quality and accessibility of care, 253-254 measures of in the demographic and health surveys, 170 need to improve data systems on, 4 poverty among the underserved migrants, 176-177 services and the poor, 174-176 Accidents, higher urban rates of, 263 Accra, Ghana, 178, 180, 213, 220, 260, 286-287 Adaptation hypothesis, regarding migrants, 243 Addis Ababa, 231 Adult educational attainment, rural and urban areas, 162 Africa cities of more than 750,000 population in, 100 colonial background of, 100-101 marginalized in new global economy, 101-102 population doubling in, 12 population growth in cities and towns of, 3 urban population change in, 99-102 515 urbanization decoupled from industrialization, 82 Agency for International Development, 402 Agglomeration economies, 307-312 Aggregate census-based method, 121 AIDS awareness, variation within urban settings in, 5 Albania, 66 American Community Survey, 483 Argentina, 95 Arms dealing, 347 Asia cities of more than 750,000 population in, 103 HIV levels in, 224 population doubling in, 12 population growth in cities and towns of, 3 population trends in, 91 urban population change in, 102-106 See also Pacific Asia Asian Development Bank's Cities Data Book, 168 Asian "triangles," 79 Aspatial analysis of poverty, 232-238, 302 Assets, 4, 62, 165 Authority dimension of urban governance, 390-401 B Bangalore, 49, 150 Bangalore Urban Poverty Alleviation Programme (BUPP) , 49 Bangkok, 19, 357-362, 481 characterization of main zones in the extended metropolitan region of, 362

Index Pages 515-529

Index
Pages 515-529