Shipboard Automatic Identification System Displays Meeting the Needs of Mariners -- Special Report 273 (2003) / Chapter Skim
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4 Determining Requirements for Shipboard Display of Automatic Identification System Information
4 Determining Requirements for Shipboard Display of Automatic Identification System Information
Pages 78-104
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From page 78... ...
Requirements documents, thus, are the aggre gate of those views, identified by source, and prioritized to reflect a com posite view of what a display must do or provide. Existing requirements for shipboard display of automatic identification system (AIS)
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From page 79... ...
. Requirements for high-level conceptual models for AIS display -- Class A, Class B, and Class A derivative AIS -- have been articulated by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
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From page 80... ...
The use of conceptual display models broadens the generality of the recommendations and allows those recom mendations to extend beyond the current suite of AIS displays to future sys tems by considering interface, display, and control options independent of existing physical displays. The committee did not independently develop requirements for ship board display of AIS information, but rather surveyed existing requirements to determine their adequacy.
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From page 81... ...
Operational and organizational requirements -- shipboard display require ments that result from the operating environment, culture, and expecta tions within which the AIS display will be used. Requirements for display of different port or waterway information, traffic management or ves sel traffic service (VTS)
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From page 82... ...
The category also includes requirements for future AIS displays. Display format requirements -- requirements for the appearance and config uration of AIS displays.
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From page 83... ...
A bibliography of sources is provided in the references to the requirements table in Appendix C The AIS display requirements describe the functionality and information to be provided by different types of AIS displays, as well as the context and constraints within which the displays will operate.
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From page 84... ...
Thus, deter mining the information requirements for AIS displays is an important first step in developing effective displays. Future activities for the determination of AIS information should consider the overlap in available information among existing and future navigational equipment and appropriate integra tion or information allocation strategies.
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From page 85... ...
, collision avoidance (course, heading, speed, position, length/beam, rate of turn) , and vessel traffic management (navigational status, weather)
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From page 86... ...
As such, the AIS must autonomously and continuously provide ship-to-ship collision avoidance information, as well as positional and maneuvering information at a data rate adequate to facilitate accurate track-keeping. Class A AIS units must be capable of sending ship information such as identi fication, position, course, speed, ship length, draft, ship type, and cargo information to other ships and aircraft and to the shore.
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From page 87... ...
2.2 Security 2.3 Privacy 2.4 Port/waterway 2.5 Organizational 2.6 Regulatory 3.0 Technical Display Requirements 3.1 Display performance 3.2 Display accuracy 3.3 Display reliability 3.4 Display maintainability 3.5 Display availability 3.6 Display integrity 3.7 Display loading 3.8 Display hardware, software, networks, etc. 3.9 Future displays -- growth (continued on next page)
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From page 88... ...
4.9 Display location 4.10 Use of sound and color 4.11 Display dimensionality 4.12 Display motion 4.13 Display intensity 4.14 Display coding 4.15 Display modality 4.16 Display contrast 4.17 User interaction style 4.18 User help and error support 4.19 Display labeling 4.20 User control 4.21 User expectations 4.22 Display customizability 4.23 Chart legibility 4.24 Chart decluttering 4.25 Position representation 4.26 Chart orientation 4.27 Chart scale 4.28 Visualization support 4.29 Planning support
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From page 89... ...
Thus, information and functional requirements for Class B and Class A derivative AIS displays need to be defined. This is an important first step for Class B and Class A derivative AIS displays; absent a definition of their func tionality, it is difficult to develop additional display requirements for them.
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From page 90... ...
MKD requirements were identified. Class B or Class A derivative MKDs may not be required, and non SOLAS vessels can use the Class B or Class A derivative AIS as a black box connected to a more or less sophisticated display [e.g., electronic chart ing systems, electronic charting and display information systems (ECDIS)
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From page 91... ...
As a result, USCG should determine such needs and revise the minimum display requirements accordingly. Target Discrimination Requirements Three target discrimination requirements for Class A AIS displays were iden tified.
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From page 92... ...
Operational and Organizational Requirements Operational display requirements that affect shipboard display of AIS infor mation include requirements that result from the operating environment, culture, and expectations within which the AIS operates. They include dis play requirements for different port or waterway settings or for any regula tions in effect; security and privacy requirements; and company, union, or other organizational requirements for shipboard display of AIS information.
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From page 93... ...
USCG should develop technical display requirements for shipboard display of AIS information as part of its standards-setting process. Display Format Requirements Display format requirements include requirements for the appearance and configuration of AIS displays, including visual presentation, display options,
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From page 94... ...
As can be seen in Table 4-1, display format requirements for all classes of AIS dis plays are needed. USCG should develop display format requirements for shipboard display of AIS information after its assessment of mariner infor mation needs, referencing existing international human factors and display format standards where applicable.
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From page 95... ...
. Thus, there is also a need to develop visual presentation requirements for shipboard display of AIS information for Class B and Class A derivative AIS.
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From page 96... ...
Class A AIS display option requirements also state that if the calculated CPA and TCPA values of an AIS target are less than the set limits, a target of concern symbol should be displayed. Means to recover data for a number of last acknowledged lost targets may be provided; preferably, the ability to recover data for targets may be applied to any AIS target within a certain dis tance.
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From page 97... ...
Display Synchronization, Presentation Priority, and Alarm Requirements One display synchronization, six presentation priority, and three alarm re quirements were identified for Class A AIS, but no such requirements were identified for Class B or Class A derivative AIS units. The single Class A AIS display synchronization requirement states that if AIS information is graph ically displayed on a radar, the equipment should be capable of appropriately stabilizing the radar image and the AIS information.
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From page 98... ...
In addition, alarm requirements for all classes of AIS displays should be reviewed, because existing requirements for AIS dis play alarms focus on the visual and auditory senses. USCG should consider alternative modes for alarms and consider alarm design in the context of existing alarms and ambient noise on the bridges of ships in different oper ational settings.
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From page 99... ...
No other physical layout requirements for shipboard display of AIS information were identified. Thus, USCG should develop physical layout requirements, including display integration requirements, for all classes of AIS.
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From page 100... ...
The table indicates that some in formation and display format requirements have been developed for Class A AIS, but much work remains to be done. The committee did not independ ently develop requirements for shipboard display of AIS information.
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From page 101... ...
These limitations, and others, suggest that USCG should determine such needs and revise or reevaluate the minimum display require ments accordingly. There is also a need to develop visual presentation requirements for all classes of shipboard AIS displays.
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From page 102... ...
International committees are currently exploring standards and guidelines for integrated bridge systems. These trends highlight the need to identify and consider mariners' information needs in different operational settings when integration requirements for shipboard display of AIS information are developed.
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From page 103... ...
USCG standards-setting and requirements processes should be flexible in order to accommodate and adjust to future capabilities, displays, controls, and technology. Finally, no display format, physical layout, or environmental display requirements for shipboard display of AIS information for any type of vessel or class of AIS exist.
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From page 104... ...
2001. Draft Interim Guidelines on Universal Shipborne Automatic Identification System (AIS)
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